pgsql: Fix memory leakage in plpgsql DO blocks that use cast expression

Fix memory leakage in plpgsql DO blocks that use cast expressions.

Commit 04fe805a1 modified plpgsql so that datatype casts make use of
expressions cached by plancache.c, in place of older code where these
expression trees were managed by plpgsql itself. However, I (tgl)
forgot that we use a separate, shorter-lived cast info hashtable in
DO blocks. The new mechanism thus resulted in session-lifespan
leakage of the plancache data once a DO block containing one or more
casts terminated. To fix, split the cast hash table into two parts,
one that tracks only the plancache's CachedExpressions and one that
tracks the expression state trees generated from them. DO blocks need
their own expression state trees and hence their own version of the
second hash table, but there's no reason they can't share the
CachedExpressions with regular plpgsql functions.

Per report from Ajit Awekar. Back-patch to v12 where the issue
was introduced.

Ajit Awekar and Tom Lane

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAHv6PyrNaqdvyWUspzd3txYQguFTBSnhx+m6tS06TnM+KWc_LQ@mail.gmail.com

Branch
------
REL_12_STABLE

Details
-------
https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/ee71cad9a7c05e705531938f3a92b8bd8ad97ce2

Modified Files
--------------
src/pl/plpgsql/src/pl_exec.c | 95 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------------
src/pl/plpgsql/src/plpgsql.h | 2 +-
2 files changed, 67 insertions(+), 30 deletions(-)