pgsql: Avoid divide-by-zero in regex_selectivity() with long fixed pref

Avoid divide-by-zero in regex_selectivity() with long fixed prefix.

Given a regex pattern with a very long fixed prefix (approaching 500
characters), the result of pow(FIXED_CHAR_SEL, fixed_prefix_len) can
underflow to zero. Typically the preceding selectivity calculation
would have underflowed as well, so that we compute 0/0 and get NaN.
In released branches this leads to an assertion failure later on.
That doesn't happen in HEAD, for reasons I've not explored yet,
but it's surely still a bug.

To fix, just skip the division when the pow() result is zero, so
that we'll (most likely) return a zero selectivity estimate. In
the edge cases where "sel" didn't yet underflow, perhaps this
isn't desirable, but I'm not sure that the case is worth spending
a lot of effort on. The results of regex_selectivity_sub() are
barely worth the electrons they're written on anyway :-(

Per report from Alexander Lakhin. Back-patch to all supported versions.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/6de0a0c3-ada9-cd0c-3e4e-2fa9964b41e3@gmail.com

Branch
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REL_12_STABLE

Details
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https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/0347470b31c139aa4f1d366fbdb85f32b7f82ad0

Modified Files
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src/backend/utils/adt/like_support.c | 13 +++++++++++--
1 file changed, 11 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)