BUG #18741: Detaching a partition referencing a partitioned table fails with a trigger-related error

The following bug has been logged on the website:

Bug reference: 18741
Logged by: Alexander Lakhin
Email address: exclusion(at)gmail(dot)com
PostgreSQL version: 17.2
Operating system: Ubuntu 22.04
Description:

The following script:
CREATE TABLE pt1 (a int PRIMARY KEY) PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
CREATE TABLE p1 PARTITION OF pt1 FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (1);

CREATE TABLE pt2 (a int) PARTITION BY RANGE (a);
CREATE TABLE p2 (a int, FOREIGN KEY (a) REFERENCES pt1);

ALTER TABLE pt2 ATTACH PARTITION p2 FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (1);
ALTER TABLE pt2 DETACH PARTITION p2;

fails with:
ERROR: XX000: could not find ON INSERT check triggers of foreign key
constraint 16404
LOCATION: GetForeignKeyCheckTriggers, tablecmds.c:11355

Reproduced on REL_15_STABLE (starting from f4566345c) .. master.