PgSQL 15.3: Execution plan not using index as expected

Dear list,

i have a strange problem when migrating a DB from version 9.3.4 to 15.3:
An index which seems perfect for the query and is used in 9.3.4 as
expected is not used in 15.3.
I just wonder, whether the bug is on my side or on PgSQL's..
The details:
===========================================================================
PostgreSQL 9.3.4:

test=# select version();
version
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 PostgreSQL 9.3.4 on x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (Debian
4.8.3-2) 4.8.3, 64-bit
(1 row)

test=> \d client_session
                                            Table "client_session"
    Column     |              Type |                             Modifiers
---------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------
 id            | bigint                         | not null default
nextval('client_session_id_seq'::regclass)
 tstamp_start  | timestamp(3) without time zone | not null default now()
 permit_id     | character varying(63)          | not null default
"current_user"()
 user_id       | character varying(63)          | not null default
"session_user"()
Indexes:
    "client_session_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id)
    "client_session_user_id_idx" btree (user_id, tstamp_start DESC)

vdws=# explain analyze SELECT permit_id FROM client_session WHERE
user_id=SESSION_USER::VARCHAR ORDER BY tstamp_start DESC LIMIT 1;
QUERY PLAN
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Limit  (cost=0.57..2.37 rows=1 width=23) (actual time=0.134..0.134
rows=1 loops=1)
   ->  Index Scan using client_session_user_id_idx on client_session 
(cost=0.57..52337.99 rows=29181 width=23) (actual time=0.133..0.133
rows=1 loops=1)
         Index Cond: ((user_id)::text = (("session_user"())::character
varying)::text)
 Total runtime: 0.165 ms
(4 rows)

===========================================================================
PostgreSQL 15.3:

test=# select version();
version
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 PostgreSQL 15.3 (Debian 15.3-1.pgdg120+1) on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu,
compiled by gcc (Debian 12.2.0-14) 12.2.0, 64-bit
(1 Zeile)

test=# \d client_session
                                                  Tabelle »client_session«
    Spalte     |              Typ               | Sortierfolge | NULL
erlaubt? |                   Vorgabewert
---------------+--------------------------------+--------------+---------------+--------------------------------------------------
 id            | bigint                         |              | not
null      | nextval('client_session_id_seq'::regclass)
 tstamp_start  | timestamp(3) without time zone |              | not
null      | now()
 permit_id     | character varying(63)          |              | not
null      | "current_user"()
 user_id       | character varying(63)          |              | not
null      | "session_user"()
Indexe:
    "client_session_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id)
    "client_session_user_id_idx" btree (user_id, tstamp_start DESC)

test=# explain analyze SELECT permit_id FROM client_session WHERE
user_id=SESSION_USER::VARCHAR ORDER BY tstamp_start DESC LIMIT 1;
QUERY PLAN
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Limit  (cost=3778568.38..3778568.50 rows=1 width=152) (actual
time=8431.320..8437.169 rows=1 loops=1)
   ->  Gather Merge  (cost=3778568.38..3853392.64 rows=641306
width=152) (actual time=8383.774..8389.622 rows=1 loops=1)
         Workers Planned: 2
         Workers Launched: 2
         ->  Sort  (cost=3777568.36..3778369.99 rows=320653 width=152)
(actual time=8372.263..8372.263 rows=0 loops=3)
               Sort Key: tstamp_start DESC
               Sort Method: quicksort  Memory: 25kB
               Worker 0:  Sort Method: quicksort  Memory: 25kB
               Worker 1:  Sort Method: quicksort  Memory: 25kB
               ->  Parallel Seq Scan on client_session
(cost=0.00..3775965.09 rows=320653 width=152) (actual
time=6150.412..8372.191 rows=1 loops=3)
                     Filter: ((user_id)::text =
((SESSION_USER)::character varying)::text)
                     Rows Removed by Filter: 51303778
 Planning Time: 0.203 ms
 JIT:
   Functions: 13
   Options: Inlining true, Optimization true, Expressions true,
Deforming true
   Timing: Generation 1.644 ms, Inlining 120.073 ms, Optimization
70.361 ms, Emission 28.476 ms, Total 220.554 ms
 Execution Time: 8438.307 ms
(18 rows)

Thanks a lot for your help

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