pgsql: Delay extraction of TIDBitmap per page offsets

Delay extraction of TIDBitmap per page offsets

Pages from the bitmap created by the TIDBitmap API can be exact or
lossy. The TIDBitmap API extracts the tuple offsets from exact pages
into an array for the convenience of the caller.

This was done in tbm_private|shared_iterate() right after advancing the
iterator. However, as long as tbm_private|shared_iterate() set a
reference to the PagetableEntry in the TBMIterateResult, the offset
extraction can be done later.

Waiting to extract the tuple offsets has a few benefits. For the shared
iterator case, it allows us to extract the offsets after dropping the
shared iterator state lock, reducing time spent holding a contended
lock.

Separating the iteration step and extracting the offsets later also
allows us to avoid extracting the offsets for prefetched blocks. Those
offsets were never used, so the overhead of extracting and storing them
was wasted.

The real motivation for this change, however, is that future commits
will make bitmap heap scan use the read stream API. This requires a
TBMIterateResult per issued block. By removing the array of tuple
offsets from the TBMIterateResult and only extracting the offsets when
they are used, we reduce the memory required for per buffer data
substantially.

Suggested-by: Thomas Munro <thomas(dot)munro(at)gmail(dot)com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Munro <thomas(dot)munro(at)gmail(dot)com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CA%2BhUKGLHbKP3jwJ6_%2BhnGi37Pw3BD5j2amjV3oSk7j-KyCnY7Q%40mail.gmail.com

Branch
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master

Details
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https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/bfe56cdf9a4e07edca46254a88efd9ef17421cd7

Modified Files
--------------
src/backend/access/gin/ginget.c | 28 +++++++++++-----
src/backend/access/gin/ginscan.c | 1 +
src/backend/access/heap/heapam_handler.c | 17 ++++++++--
src/backend/nodes/tidbitmap.c | 57 ++++++++++++++------------------
src/include/access/gin_private.h | 2 ++
src/include/nodes/tidbitmap.h | 32 +++++++++++++++---
6 files changed, 87 insertions(+), 50 deletions(-)