pgsql: Ignore BRIN indexes when checking for HOT updates

Ignore BRIN indexes when checking for HOT updates

When determining whether an index update may be skipped by using HOT, we
can ignore attributes indexed by block summarizing indexes without
references to individual tuples that need to be cleaned up.

A new type TU_UpdateIndexes provides a signal to the executor to
determine which indexes to update - no indexes, all indexes, or only the
summarizing indexes.

This also removes rd_indexattr list, and replaces it with rd_attrsvalid
flag. The list was not used anywhere, and a simple flag is sufficient.

This was originally committed as 5753d4ee32, but then got reverted by
e3fcca0d0d because of correctness issues.

Original patch by Josef Simanek, various fixes and improvements by Tomas
Vondra and me.

Authors: Matthias van de Meent, Josef Simanek, Tomas Vondra
Reviewed-by: Tomas Vondra, Alvaro Herrera
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/05ebcb44-f383-86e3-4f31-0a97a55634cf@enterprisedb.com
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAFp7QwpMRGcDAQumN7onN9HjrJ3u4X3ZRXdGFT0K5G2JWvnbWg%40mail.gmail.com

Branch
------
master

Details
-------
https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/19d8e2308bc51ec4ab993ce90077342c915dd116

Modified Files
--------------
doc/src/sgml/indexam.sgml | 13 +++
src/backend/access/brin/brin.c | 1 +
src/backend/access/gin/ginutil.c | 1 +
src/backend/access/gist/gist.c | 1 +
src/backend/access/hash/hash.c | 1 +
src/backend/access/heap/heapam.c | 48 +++++++++-
src/backend/access/heap/heapam_handler.c | 19 +++-
src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtree.c | 1 +
src/backend/access/spgist/spgutils.c | 1 +
src/backend/access/table/tableam.c | 2 +-
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 9 +-
src/backend/catalog/indexing.c | 35 +++++--
src/backend/commands/copyfrom.c | 5 +-
src/backend/commands/indexcmds.c | 10 +-
src/backend/executor/execIndexing.c | 37 ++++++--
src/backend/executor/execReplication.c | 9 +-
src/backend/executor/nodeModifyTable.c | 13 ++-
src/backend/nodes/makefuncs.c | 7 +-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 70 ++++++++++----
src/include/access/amapi.h | 2 +
src/include/access/heapam.h | 5 +-
src/include/access/tableam.h | 22 ++++-
src/include/executor/executor.h | 3 +-
src/include/nodes/execnodes.h | 2 +
src/include/nodes/makefuncs.h | 4 +-
src/include/utils/rel.h | 4 +-
src/include/utils/relcache.h | 5 +-
src/test/modules/dummy_index_am/dummy_index_am.c | 1 +
src/test/regress/expected/stats.out | 111 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/sql/stats.sql | 82 +++++++++++++++++
30 files changed, 448 insertions(+), 76 deletions(-)