pgsql: Switch pg_dump to use compression specifications

Switch pg_dump to use compression specifications

Compression specifications are currently used by pg_basebackup and
pg_receivewal, and are able to let the user control in an extended way
the method and level of compression used. As an effect of this commit,
pg_dump's -Z/--compress is now able to use more than just an integer, as
of the grammar "method[:detail]".

The method can be either "none" or "gzip", and can optionally take a
detail string. If the detail string is only an integer, it defines the
compression level. A comma-separated list of keywords can also be used
method allows for more options, the only keyword supported now is
"level".

The change is backward-compatible, hence specifying only an integer
leads to no compression for a level of 0 and gzip compression when the
level is greater than 0.

Most of the code changes are straight-forward, as pg_dump was relying on
an integer tracking the compression level to check for gzip or no
compression. These are changed to use a compression specification and
the algorithm stored in it.

As of this change, note that the dump format is not bumped because there
is no need yet to track the compression algorithm in the TOC entries.
Hence, we still rely on the compression level to make the difference
when reading them. This will be mandatory once a new compression method
is added, though.

In order to keep the code simpler when parsing the compression
specification, the code is changed so as pg_dump now fails hard when
using gzip on -Z/--compress without its support compiled, rather than
enforcing no compression without the user knowing about it except
through a warning. Like before this commit, archive and custom formats
are compressed by default when the code is compiled with gzip, and left
uncompressed without gzip.

Author: Georgios Kokolatos
Reviewed-by: Michael Paquier
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/O4mutIrCES8ZhlXJiMvzsivT7ztAMja2lkdL1LJx6O5f22I2W8PBIeLKz7mDLwxHoibcnRAYJXm1pH4tyUNC4a8eDzLn22a6Pb1S74Niexg=@pm.me

Branch
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master

Details
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https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/5e73a6048849bd7bda4947e39570b9011734114d

Modified Files
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doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_dump.sgml | 38 +++++++---
src/bin/pg_dump/compress_io.c | 107 ++++++++++++----------------
src/bin/pg_dump/compress_io.h | 20 +++---
src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup.h | 7 +-
src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.c | 75 ++++++++++++-------
src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.h | 10 +--
src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_custom.c | 6 +-
src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_directory.c | 13 ++--
src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_tar.c | 11 ++-
src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.c | 79 +++++++++++++-------
src/bin/pg_dump/t/001_basic.pl | 34 +++++++--
src/bin/pg_dump/t/002_pg_dump.pl | 3 +-
src/test/modules/test_pg_dump/t/001_base.pl | 16 +++++
src/tools/pgindent/typedefs.list | 1 -
14 files changed, 260 insertions(+), 160 deletions(-)