pgsql: Implementation of subscripting for jsonb

Implementation of subscripting for jsonb

Subscripting for jsonb does not support slices, does not have a limit for the
number of subscripts, and an assignment expects a replace value to have jsonb
type. There is also one functional difference between assignment via
subscripting and assignment via jsonb_set(). When an original jsonb container
is NULL, the subscripting replaces it with an empty jsonb and proceeds with
an assignment.

For the sake of code reuse, we rearrange some parts of jsonb functionality
to allow the usage of the same functions for jsonb_set and assign subscripting
operation.

The original idea belongs to Oleg Bartunov.

Catversion is bumped.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CA%2Bq6zcV8qvGcDXurwwgUbwACV86Th7G80pnubg42e-p9gsSf%3Dg%40mail.gmail.com
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CA%2Bq6zcX3mdxGCgdThzuySwH-ApyHHM-G4oB1R0fn0j2hZqqkLQ%40mail.gmail.com
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CA%2Bq6zcVDuGBv%3DM0FqBYX8DPebS3F_0KQ6OVFobGJPM507_SZ_w%40mail.gmail.com
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CA%2Bq6zcVovR%2BXY4mfk-7oNk-rF91gH0PebnNfuUjuuDsyHjOcVA%40mail.gmail.com
Author: Dmitry Dolgov
Reviewed-by: Tom Lane, Arthur Zakirov, Pavel Stehule, Dian M Fay
Reviewed-by: Andrew Dunstan, Chapman Flack, Merlin Moncure, Peter Geoghegan
Reviewed-by: Alvaro Herrera, Jim Nasby, Josh Berkus, Victor Wagner
Reviewed-by: Aleksander Alekseev, Robert Haas, Oleg Bartunov

Branch
------
master

Details
-------
https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/676887a3b0b8e3c0348ac3f82ab0d16e9a24bd43

Modified Files
--------------
doc/src/sgml/json.sgml | 51 +++++
src/backend/utils/adt/Makefile | 1 +
src/backend/utils/adt/jsonb_util.c | 72 ++++++-
src/backend/utils/adt/jsonbsubs.c | 412 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
src/backend/utils/adt/jsonfuncs.c | 188 ++++++++--------
src/include/catalog/catversion.h | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat | 4 +
src/include/catalog/pg_type.dat | 3 +-
src/include/utils/jsonb.h | 6 +-
src/test/regress/expected/jsonb.out | 272 +++++++++++++++++++++++-
src/test/regress/sql/jsonb.sql | 84 +++++++-
src/tools/pgindent/typedefs.list | 1 +
12 files changed, 988 insertions(+), 108 deletions(-)