pgsql: Allow repalloc() to give back space when a large chunk is downsi

Allow repalloc() to give back space when a large chunk is downsized.

Up to now, if you resized a large (>8K) palloc chunk down to a smaller
size, aset.c made no attempt to return any space to the malloc pool.
That's unpleasant if a really large allocation is resized to a
significantly smaller size. I think no such cases existed when this
code was designed, and I'm not sure whether they're common even yet,
but an upcoming fix to encoding conversion will certainly create such
cases. Therefore, fix AllocSetRealloc so that it gives realloc()
a chance to do something with the block. This doesn't noticeably
increase complexity, we mostly just have to change the order in which
the cases are considered.

Back-patch to all supported branches.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20190816181418.GA898@alvherre.pgsql
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3614.1569359690@sss.pgh.pa.us

Branch
------
REL_12_STABLE

Details
-------
https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/9a407209a075b53b9ef7141c0f87e91dba41b8b1

Modified Files
--------------
src/backend/utils/mmgr/aset.c | 142 +++++++++++++++++++++++-------------------
1 file changed, 77 insertions(+), 65 deletions(-)