pgsql: Give a better error for duplicate entries in VACUUM/ANALYZE colu

Give a better error for duplicate entries in VACUUM/ANALYZE column list.

Previously, the code didn't think about this case and would just try to
analyze such a column twice. That would fail at the point of inserting
the second version of the pg_statistic row, with obscure error messsages
like "duplicate key value violates unique constraint" or "tuple already
updated by self", depending on context and PG version. We could allow
the case by ignoring duplicate column specifications, but it seems better
to reject it explicitly.

The bogus error messages seem like arguably a bug, so back-patch to
all supported versions.

Nathan Bossart, per a report from Michael Paquier, and whacked
around a bit by me.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/E061A8E3-5E3D-494D-94F0-E8A9B312BBFC@amazon.com

Branch
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REL_10_STABLE

Details
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https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/a2b1eb23496e9abd695036e3cbb1d39c05618692

Modified Files
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src/backend/commands/analyze.c | 13 ++++++++++++-
src/test/regress/expected/vacuum.out | 5 +++++
src/test/regress/sql/vacuum.sql | 5 +++++
3 files changed, 22 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)