pgsql: Fix column-privilege leak in error-message paths

Fix column-privilege leak in error-message paths

While building error messages to return to the user,
BuildIndexValueDescription, ExecBuildSlotValueDescription and
ri_ReportViolation would happily include the entire key or entire row in
the result returned to the user, even if the user didn't have access to
view all of the columns being included.

Instead, include only those columns which the user is providing or which
the user has select rights on. If the user does not have any rights
to view the table or any of the columns involved then no detail is
provided and a NULL value is returned from BuildIndexValueDescription
and ExecBuildSlotValueDescription. Note that, for key cases, the user
must have access to all of the columns for the key to be shown; a
partial key will not be returned.

Back-patch all the way, as column-level privileges are now in all
supported versions.

This has been assigned CVE-2014-8161, but since the issue and the patch
have already been publicized on pgsql-hackers, there's no point in trying
to hide this commit.

Branch
------
REL9_2_STABLE

Details
-------
http://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/d49f84b084d82aac3ddc387f9f306c28240f62f7

Modified Files
--------------
src/backend/access/index/genam.c | 60 ++++++++++-
src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtinsert.c | 10 +-
src/backend/commands/copy.c | 6 +-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 6 ++
src/backend/executor/execMain.c | 168 +++++++++++++++++++++++-------
src/backend/executor/execUtils.c | 12 ++-
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 86 +++++++++++----
src/backend/utils/sort/tuplesort.c | 9 +-
src/test/regress/expected/privileges.out | 32 ++++++
src/test/regress/sql/privileges.sql | 25 +++++
10 files changed, 344 insertions(+), 70 deletions(-)