Re: POC, WIP: OR-clause support for indexes

Hi, Alena!

Let me answer to some of your findings.

On Mon, Jul 22, 2024 at 12:53 AM Alena Rybakina
<a(dot)rybakina(at)postgrespro(dot)ru> wrote:
> To be honest,I saw a larger problem. Look at the query bellow:
>
> master:
>
> alena(at)postgres=# create table t (a int not null, b int not null, c int not null);
> insert into t (select 1, 1, i from generate_series(1,10000) i);
> insert into t (select i, 2, 2 from generate_series(1,10000) i);
> create index t_a_b_idx on t (a, b);

Just a side note. As I mention in [1], there is missing statement
create index t_a_b_idx on t (a, b);
to get same plan as in [2].

> create statistics t_a_b_stat (mcv) on a, b from t;
> create statistics t_b_c_stat (mcv) on b, c from t;
> vacuum analyze t;
> CREATE TABLE
> INSERT 0 10000
> INSERT 0 10000
> CREATE INDEX
> CREATE STATISTICS
> CREATE STATISTICS
> VACUUM
> alena(at)postgres=# explain select * from t where a = 1 and (b = 1 or b = 2) and c = 2;
> QUERY PLAN
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
> Bitmap Heap Scan on t (cost=156.55..465.57 rows=5001 width=12)
> Recheck Cond: (a = 1)
> Filter: ((c = 2) AND ((b = 1) OR (b = 2)))
> -> Bitmap Index Scan on t_a_b_idx (cost=0.00..155.29 rows=10001 width=0)
> Index Cond: (a = 1)
> (5 rows)
>
>
> The query plan if v26[0] and v27[1] versions are equal and wrong in my opinion -where is c=2 expression?
>
> v27 [1]
> alena(at)postgres=# explain select * from t where a = 1 and (b = 1 or b = 2) and c = 2;
> QUERY PLAN
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
> Bitmap Heap Scan on t (cost=165.85..474.87 rows=5001 width=12)
> Recheck Cond: ((a = 1) AND (b = ANY ('{1,2}'::integer[])))
> Filter: (c = 2)
> -> Bitmap Index Scan on t_a_b_idx (cost=0.00..164.59 rows=10001 width=0)
> Index Cond: ((a = 1) AND (b = ANY ('{1,2}'::integer[])))
> (5 rows)
> v26 [0]
> alena(at)postgres=# explain select * from t where a = 1 and (b = 1 or b = 2) and c = 2;
> QUERY PLAN
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
> Bitmap Heap Scan on t (cost=165.85..449.86 rows=5001 width=12)
> Recheck Cond: ((a = 1) AND (b = ANY ('{1,2}'::integer[])))
> Filter: (c = 2)
> -> Bitmap Index Scan on t_a_b_idx (cost=0.00..164.59 rows=10001 width=0)
> Index Cond: ((a = 1) AND (b = ANY ('{1,2}'::integer[])))
> (5 rows)

I think both v26 and v27 are correct here. The c = 2 condition is in
the Filter.

> In addition, I noticed that the ANY expression will be formed only for first group and ignore for others, like in the sample bellow:
>
> v26 version [0]:
>
> alena(at)postgres=# explain select * from t where (b = 1 or b = 2) and (a = 2 or a=3);
> QUERY PLAN
> -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
> Index Scan using t_a_b_idx on t (cost=0.29..24.75 rows=2 width=12)
> Index Cond: ((a = ANY ('{2,3}'::integer[])) AND (b = ANY ('{1,2}'::integer[])))
> (2 rows)
>
> v27 version [1]:
>
> alena(at)postgres=# explain select * from t where (b = 1 or b = 2 or a = 2 or a=3);
> QUERY PLAN
> --------------------------------------------------------
> Seq Scan on t (cost=0.00..509.00 rows=14999 width=12)
> Filter: ((b = 1) OR (b = 2) OR (a = 2) OR (a = 3))
> (2 rows)

Did you notice you're running different queries on v26 and v27 here?
If you will run ton v27 the same query you run on v26, the plan also
will be the same.

> alena(at)postgres=# create index a_idx on t(a);
> CREATE INDEX
> alena(at)postgres=# create index b_idx on t(b);
> CREATE INDEX
> alena(at)postgres=# analyze;
> ANALYZE
>
> v26:
>
> alena(at)postgres=# explain select * from t where (b = 1 or b = 2 or a = 2 or a=3);
> QUERY PLAN
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
> Bitmap Heap Scan on t (cost=17.18..30.94 rows=4 width=12)
> Recheck Cond: ((a = ANY ('{2,3}'::integer[])) OR (a = ANY ('{2,3}'::integer[])))
> -> BitmapOr (cost=17.18..17.18 rows=4 width=0)
> -> Bitmap Index Scan on a_idx (cost=0.00..8.59 rows=2 width=0)
> Index Cond: (a = ANY ('{2,3}'::integer[]))
> -> Bitmap Index Scan on a_idx (cost=0.00..8.59 rows=2 width=0)
> Index Cond: (a = ANY ('{2,3}'::integer[]))
> (7 rows)
>
> v27:
>
> alena(at)postgres=# explain select * from t where (b = 1 or b = 2 or a = 2 or a=3);
> QUERY PLAN
> --------------------------------------------------------
> Seq Scan on t (cost=0.00..509.00 rows=14999 width=12)
> Filter: ((b = 1) OR (b = 2) OR (a = 2) OR (a = 3))
> (2 rows)
>
> The behavior in version 26 is incorrect, but in version 27, it does not select anything other than seqscan

Please, check that there is still possibility to the generate BitmapOr plan.

# explain select * from t where (b = 1 or b = 2 or a = 2 or a = 3);
QUERY PLAN
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bitmap Heap Scan on t (cost=326.16..835.16 rows=14999 width=12)
Recheck Cond: ((b = 1) OR (b = 2) OR (a = 2) OR (a = 3))
-> BitmapOr (cost=326.16..326.16 rows=20000 width=0)
-> Bitmap Index Scan on t_b_c_idx (cost=0.00..151.29
rows=10000 width=0)
Index Cond: (b = 1)
-> Bitmap Index Scan on t_b_c_idx (cost=0.00..151.29
rows=10000 width=0)
Index Cond: (b = 2)
-> Bitmap Index Scan on t_a_b_idx (cost=0.00..4.29 rows=1 width=0)
Index Cond: (a = 2)
-> Bitmap Index Scan on t_a_b_idx (cost=0.00..4.29 rows=1 width=0)
Index Cond: (a = 3)

It has higher cost than SeqScan plan, but I think it would be selected
on larger tables. And yes, this is not ideal, because it fails to
generate BitmapOr over two IndexScans on SAOPs. But it's not worse
than what current master does. An optimization doesn't have to do
everything it could possible do. So, I think this could be improved
in a separate patch.

Links
1. https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/CAPpHfdvhWE5pArZhgJeLViLx3-A3rxEREZvfkTj3E%3Dh7q-Bx9w%40mail.gmail.com
2. https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/CAPpHfdtSXxhdv3mLOLjEewGeXJ%2BFtfhjqodn1WWuq5JLsKx48g%40mail.gmail.com

------
Regards,
Alexander Korotkov
Supabase