> select histogram_bounds from pg_stats where tablename ='mytable' and
attname = 'id';
Do any of the < 12345 values appear in the most_common_vals (mcv) list?
https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/view-pg-stats.html
To my knowledge, mcv entries are calculated first, and then the histogram
bounds are taken into account:
https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/row-estimation-examples.html