checkpoint clarifications needed

Hi, I need some clarifications about checkpoints.
Below here a log from my standby server when started and then some parts of
the interested WAL in the master's cluster obtained by pg_xlogdump.
Just to have an example to talk on.

1) I see: "LOG: redo starts at 1/F00A7448" . I was expecting a checkpoint
record around 1/F00A7448 but the related checkpoint record is at lsn:
1/FCBD7510 instead.
I expected that because I read in the doc :"Checkpoints are points in the
sequence of transactions at which it is guaranteed that the heap and index
data files have been updated with ALL information written BEFORE that
checkpoint".
And I interpreted that as "All information written before that checkpoint
RECORD" but now I guess that one thing is a checkpoint point and one thing
is a checkpoint record. Right?

2) I see that a checkpoint position can be right in the middle of a group
of records related to a transaction (in the example, transaction id 10684).
So a checkpoint position is NOT a consistency state point, right?

3) According to doc at 29.5, in pg_control the position of the last
checkpoint record (not the checkpoint position itself) is saved right?

4) If I'm right at 2) then, between the checkpoint position (1/F00A7448 )
and the checkpoint record position (1/FCBD7510) there must be a point where
the DB is in a consistency state. If not, in case of crash just after
writing the checkpoint record to the WAL and its position to pg_control,
the system would replay from the checkpoint position (known by last
checkpoint record) without finding a consistency state. Right?

5) How can we define, in terms of log records, a consistency state position?

Best regards
Pupillo

STANDBY SERVER LOG
LOG: redo starts at 1/F00A7448
....
LOG: consistent recovery state reached at 2/426DF28
LOG: invalid record length at 2/426DF28: wanted 24, got 0
LOG: database system is ready to accept read only connections
LOG: started streaming WAL from primary at 2/4000000 on timeline 1

FROM PG_XLOGDUMP OF MASTER
........
rmgr: Heap len (rec/tot): 14/ 1186, tx: 10684, lsn:
1/F009EEE0, prev 1/F009EEA8, desc: UPDATE off 1 xmax 10684 ; new off 3 xmax
0, blkref #0: rel 1663/16384/16422 blk 20054, blkref #1: rel
1663/16384/16422 blk 19774
rmgr: Btree len (rec/tot): 2/ 64, tx: 10684, lsn:
1/F009F388, prev 1/F009EEE0, desc: INSERT_LEAF off 2, blkref #0: rel
1663/16384/16428 blk 711
rmgr: XLOG len (rec/tot): 0/ 8193, tx: 0, lsn:
1/F009F3C8, prev 1/F009F388, desc: FPI_FOR_HINT , blkref #0: rel
1663/16384/16484 blk 9663 FPW
rmgr: XLOG len (rec/tot): 0/ 8193, tx: 0, lsn:
1/F00A13E8, prev 1/F009F3C8, desc: FPI_FOR_HINT , blkref #0: rel
1663/16384/16484 blk 9664 FPW
rmgr: XLOG len (rec/tot): 0/ 8193, tx: 0, lsn:
1/F00A3408, prev 1/F00A13E8, desc: FPI_FOR_HINT , blkref #0: rel
1663/16384/16484 blk 9665 FPW
rmgr: XLOG len (rec/tot): 0/ 8193, tx: 0, lsn:
1/F00A5428, prev 1/F00A3408, desc: FPI_FOR_HINT , blkref #0: rel
1663/16384/16484 blk 9666 FPW
rmgr: XLOG len (rec/tot): 0/ 8193, tx: 0, lsn:
1/F00A7448, prev 1/F00A5428, desc: FPI_FOR_HINT , blkref #0: rel
1663/16384/16484 blk 9667 FPW
rmgr: XLOG len (rec/tot): 0/ 8193, tx: 0, lsn:
1/F00A9468, prev 1/F00A7448, desc: FPI_FOR_HINT , blkref #0: rel
1663/16384/16484 blk 9668 FPW
rmgr: XLOG len (rec/tot): 0/ 8193, tx: 0, lsn:
1/F00AB488, prev 1/F00A9468, desc: FPI_FOR_HINT , blkref #0: rel
1663/16384/16484 blk 9669 FPW
rmgr: Heap len (rec/tot): 8/ 8063, tx: 10682, lsn:
1/F00AD4A8, prev 1/F00AB488, desc: LOCK off 5: xid 10682: flags 0 LOCK_ONLY
EXCL_LOCK , blkref #0: rel 1663/16384/16422 blk 19787 FPW
rmgr: Heap len (rec/tot): 8/ 8063, tx: 10684, lsn:
1/F00AF440, prev 1/F00AD4A8, desc: LOCK off 2: xid 10684: flags 0 LOCK_ONLY
EXCL_LOCK , blkref #0: rel 1663/16384/16422 blk 19774 FPW
rmgr: Heap len (rec/tot): 14/ 4657, tx: 10682, lsn:
1/F00B13D8, prev 1/F00AF440, desc: UPDATE off 5 xmax 10682 ; new off 4 xmax
0, blkref #0: rel 1663/16384/16422 blk 20075 FPW, blkref #1: rel
1663/16384/16422 blk 19787
rmgr: Heap len (rec/tot): 14/ 4657, tx: 10684, lsn:
1/F00B2628, prev 1/F00B13D8, desc: UPDATE off 2 xmax 10684 ; new off 4 xmax
0, blkref #0: rel 1663/16384/16422 blk 20054 FPW, blkref #1: rel
1663/16384/16422 blk 19774
rmgr: Btr
.......
rmgr: Heap2 len (rec/tot): 8/ 68, tx: 0, lsn:
1/FCBD7448, prev 1/FCBD7400, desc: CLEAN remxid 10903, blkref #0: rel
1663/16384/16422 blk 2001
rmgr: Heap2 len (rec/tot): 8/ 66, tx: 0, lsn:
1/FCBD7490, prev 1/FCBD7448, desc: CLEAN remxid 10903, blkref #0: rel
1663/16384/16422 blk 2003
rmgr: Standby len (rec/tot): 24/ 50, tx: 0, lsn:
1/FCBD74D8, prev 1/FCBD7490, desc: RUNNING_XACTS nextXid 10907
latestCompletedXid 10906 oldestRunningXid 10907
rmgr: XLOG len (rec/tot): 80/ 106, tx: 0, lsn:
1/FCBD7510, prev 1/FCBD74D8, desc: CHECKPOINT_ONLINE redo 1/F00A7448; tli
1; prev tli 1; fpw true; xid 0:10685; oid 24665; multi 1; offset 0; oldest
xid 584 in DB 1; oldest multi 1 in DB 1; oldest/newest commit timestamp
xid: 0/0; oldest running xid 10682; online
rmgr: Heap len (rec/tot): 3/ 164, tx: 10907, lsn:
1/FCBD7580, prev 1/FCBD7510, desc: INSERT off 25, blkref #0: rel
1663/16384/16484 blk 16398
rmgr: Btree len (rec/tot): 2/ 64, tx: 10907, lsn:
1/FCBD7628, prev 1/FCBD7580, desc: INSERT_LEAF off 60, blkref #0: rel
1663/16384/16490 blk 2722
........