Re: POC: enable logical decoding when wal_level = 'replica' without a server restart

On Fri, Jan 10, 2025 at 12:33 AM Masahiko Sawada <sawada(dot)mshk(at)gmail(dot)com> wrote:
>
> On Thu, Jan 9, 2025 at 3:29 AM Ashutosh Bapat
> <ashutosh(dot)bapat(dot)oss(at)gmail(dot)com> wrote:
> >
> > On Tue, Dec 31, 2024 at 10:15 AM Masahiko Sawada <sawada(dot)mshk(at)gmail(dot)com> wrote:
> > >
> > > Hi all,
> > >
> > > Logical decoding (and logical replication) are available only when
> > > wal_level = logical. As the documentation says[1], Using the 'logical'
> > > level increases the WAL volume which could negatively affect the
> > > performance. For that reason, users might want to start with using
> > > 'replica', but when they want to use logical decoding they need a
> > > server restart to increase wal_level to 'logical'. My goal is to allow
> > > users who are using 'replica' level to use logical decoding without a
> > > server restart. There are other GUC parameters related to logical
> > > decoding and logical replication such as max_wal_senders,
> > > max_logical_replication_workers, and max_replication_slots, but even
> > > if users set these parameters >0, there would not be a noticeable
> > > performance impact. And their default values are already >0. So I'd
> > > like to focus on making only the wal_level dynamic GUC parameter.
> > > There are several earlier discussions[2][3] but no one has submitted
> > > patches unless I'm missing something.
> > >
> > > The first idea I came up with is to make the wal_level a PGC_SIGHUP
> > > parameter. However, it affects not only setting 'replica' to 'logical'
> > > but also setting 'minimal' to 'replica' or higher. I'm not sure the
> > > latter case is common and it might require a checkpoint. I don't want
> > > to make the patch complex for uncommon cases.
> > >
> > > The second idea is to somehow allow both WAL-logging logical info and
> > > logical decoding even when wal_level is 'replica'. I've attached a PoC
> > > patch for that. The patch introduces new SQL functions such as
> > > pg_activate_logical_decoding() and pg_deactivate_logical_decoding().
> > > These functions are available only when wal_level is 'repilca'(or
> > > higher). In pg_activate_logical_decoding(), we set the status of
> > > logical decoding stored on the shared memory from 'disabled' to
> > > 'xlog-logical-info', allowing all processes to write logical
> > > information to WAL records for logical decoding. But the logical
> > > decoding is still not allowed. Once we confirm all in-progress
> > > transactions completed, we switch the status to
> > > 'logical-decoding-ready', meaning that users can create logical
> > > replication slots and use logical decoding.
> > >
> > > Overall, with the patch, there are two ways to enable logical
> > > decoding: setting wal_level to 'logical' and calling
> > > pg_activate_logical_decoding() when wal_level is 'replica'. I left the
> > > 'logical' level for backward compatibility and for users who want to
> > > enable the logical decoding without calling that SQL function. If we
> > > can automatically enable the logical decoding when creating the first
> > > logical replication slot, probably we no longer need the 'logical'
> > > level. There is room to discuss the user interface. Feedback is very
> > > welcome.
> > >
> >
> > If a server is running at minimal wal_level and they want to enable
> > logical replication, they would still need a server restart. That
> > would be rare but not completely absent.
>
> Currently we don't allow the server to start with the 'minimal' level
> and max_wal_senders > 0. Even if we support changing 'minimal' to
> 'logical' without a server restart, we still need a server restart to
> increase max_wal_senders for users who want to use logical
> replication. Or we need to eliminate this restriction too. I guess it
> would be too complex for such uncommon use cases.
>
> >
> > Our documentation says "wal_level determines how much information is
> > written to the WAL.". Users would may not expect that the WAL amount
> > changes while wal_level = replica depending upon whether logical
> > decoding is possible. It may be possible to set the expectations right
> > by changing the documentation. It's not in the patch, so I am not sure
> > whether this is considered.
>
> We should mention that in the doc. The WAL amount changes depending on
> not only wal_level but also other parameters such as wal_log_hints and
> full_page_writes.
>
> > Cloud providers do not like multiple ways of changing configuration
> > esp. when they can not control it. See [1]. Changing wal_level through
> > a SQL function may fit the same category.
>
> Thank you for pointing it out. This would support the idea of
> automatically enabling logical decoding.
>
> > I agree that it would be a lot of work to make all combinations of
> > wal_level changes work, but changing wal_level through SIGHUP looks
> > like a cleaner solution. Is there way that we make the GUC SIGHUP but
> > disallow certain combinations of old and new values?
>
> While I agree that it's cleaner I think there is no way today. I think
> we need to invent something for that.

I would like to summarize the proposed approaches thus far:

Regarding the user interface, there are three approaches:

1. Implementing SQL function controls (e.g.,
pg_activate_logical_decoding() and pg_deactivate_logical_decoding()).
This would enable users to activate logical decoding even with
wal_level=replica by calling the SQL function. While cloud providers
seem not like having multiple configuration methods, this could
potentially be managed through appropriate EXECUTE privileges. Another
drawback is the user confusion when 'SHOW wal_level' displays
'replica' despite processes writing WAL records with logical
information. This might be dealt with by implementing a show_hook
function for wal_level.

2. Implementing automatic logical decoding activation. This would
trigger upon creation of the first logical slot and deactivate upon
removal of the final slot. This approach shares the user confusion
concern of the first proposal. Moreover, it presents a significant
limitation: users would be unable to utilize logical decoding on
standby servers without maintaining at least one logical slot on the
primary -- a substantial disadvantage.

3. Converting wal_level to a SIGHUP parameter, thereby supporting all
possible wal_level transition combinations. While this represents the
most elegant solution among the proposals, it necessitates additional
development effort for less common scenarios, such as transitioning
between 'minimal' and 'replica' levels. Such transitions require
specific handling -- for instance, changing between 'minimal' and
'replica' requires a checkpoint, while decreasing from 'replica' to
'minimal' necessitates terminating certain processes like WAL senders
and archiver.

We also had discussion (and I did some research) on the implementation
of increasing/decreasing wal_level online. The basic idea is that we
first enable logical information WAL-logging to all processes while
maintaining the logical decoding in an inactive state. Once we can
guarantee that all processes are writing WAL records with logical
information, we enable the logical decoding. This guarantee can be
achieved by waiting for all concurrent transactions to finish, which
could make us wait for a long time if a transaction is long-running.
Another way is to send a global barrier signal and wait for all
processes to start writing WAL records with logical information. We
have a good facility for that: EmitProcSignalBarrier() and
WaitForProcSignalBarrier(). That way, we don't need to wait for
transaction finishes.

Based on the discussion so far, the idea 3 appears most promising. I
welcome any additional suggestions or preferences.

BTW I'm writing a PoC patch for the idea 3 and using global barriers,
and will share the patch.

Regards,

--
Masahiko Sawada
Amazon Web Services: https://aws.amazon.com