Re: Choosing parallel_degree

On Fri, Apr 8, 2016 at 9:06 AM, Simon Riggs <simon(at)2ndquadrant(dot)com> wrote:
> On 8 April 2016 at 17:00, Paul Ramsey <pramsey(at)cleverelephant(dot)ca> wrote:
>>
>> On Fri, Apr 8, 2016 at 8:23 AM, Robert Haas <robertmhaas(at)gmail(dot)com> wrote:
>> > On Fri, Apr 8, 2016 at 1:22 AM, Amit Kapila <amit(dot)kapila16(at)gmail(dot)com>
>> > wrote:
>> >> Other than that, patch looks good and I have marked it as Ready For
>> >> Committer. Hope, we get this for 9.6.
>> >
>> > Committed. I think this is likely to make parallel query
>> > significantly more usable in 9.6.
>>
>> I'm kind of worried that it will make it yet less usable for PostGIS,
>> since approaches that ignore costs in favour of relpages will
>> dramatically under-resource our queries. I can spin a query for
>> multiple seconds on a table with less than 100K records, not even
>> trying very hard.
>
> Doesn't sound good.

I admit, it's not a "usual" database thing, but it's right in the
meaty middle of use cases that parallelism can crushingly awesomely
defeat. It's also probably not too unusual for extension use cases,
where complex data are held in user defined types, whether they be
image fragments, music samples, genetic data, raster data or LIDAR
point clouds. PostGIS is just one voice of many in the Symphony of
Crazy Shit in the Database.

>> Functions have very unequal CPU costs, and we're talking here about
>> using CPUs more effectively, why are costs being given the see-no-evil
>> treatment? This is as true in core as it is in PostGIS, even if our
>> case is a couple orders of magnitude more extreme: a filter based on a
>> complex combination of regex queries will use an order of magnitude
>> more CPU than one that does a little math, why plan and execute them
>> like they are the same?
>
> Functions have user assignable costs.

We have done a relatively bad job of globally costing our functions
thus far, because it mostly didn't make any difference. In my testing
[1], I found that costing could push better plans for parallel
sequence scans and parallel aggregates, though at very extreme cost
values (1000 for sequence scans and 10000 for aggregates)

Obviously, if costs can make a difference for 9.6 and parallelism
we'll rigorously ensure we have good, useful costs. I've already
costed many functions in my parallel postgis test branch [2]. Perhaps
the avoidance of cost so far is based on the relatively nebulous
definition it has: about the only thing in the docs is "If the cost is
not specified, 1 unit is assumed for C-language and internal
functions, and 100 units for functions in all other languages. Larger
values cause the planner to try to avoid evaluating the function more
often than necessary."

So what about C functions then? Should a string comparison be 5 and a
multiplication 1? An image histogram 1000?

>> As it stands now, it seems like out of the box PostGIS users will
>> actually not see much benefit from parallelism unless they manhandle
>> their configuration settings to force it.
>
> Does this concern apply to this patch, or to the general situation for 9.6.

Insofar as the patch is throttling how many parallel workers you get
based solely on your relsize, it does concern this patch, but it's a
general issue in both the extreme and not obviously related costings
needed to trip parallel sequence and parallel aggregate plans. The
parallel join seems to not take function/operator costs into account
at all [3], at least I couldn't plump up a high enough cost to trip it
without also adjusting the global parallel tuple cost configuration.

I've seen a number of asides to the effect that "yes, costs are
important, but we probably can't do anything about that for 9.6" in
parallel patch threads, including this one, so I'm getting concerned
that the core improvement we've been hoping for for years won't
actually address our use cases when it is first released. That may
just be the way it is, c'est la vie, but it would be unfortunate.

P

[1] http://blog.cleverelephant.ca/2016/03/parallel-postgis.html
[2] https://github.com/pramsey/postgis/tree/parallel
[3] http://blog.cleverelephant.ca/2016/03/parallel-postgis-joins.html