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Re: Optimizing

From:	"Steve Brett" <steve(dot)brett(at)e-mis(dot)com>
To:	pgsql-sql(at)postgresql(dot)org
Subject:	Re: Optimizing
Date:	2001-11-12 13:40:10
Message-ID:	9sojmb$eht$1@news.tht.net
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Lists:	pgsql-sql

the main way i optimise small queries is to image a path with the tables
joining the path (this has it's root in relational algebra and relational
calculus) and then build the query in my head imagining how i can reduce the
amount of 'traffic' flowing up the tree to the selects.

or draw the query as a tree (as ingres does as i seem to remember - great
idea for postgres ??????) like :

select X,Y,Z
|
|
|
/| t1.id=t2.id
/ |
/ |
/ |
table table 2
obviously you'd have more joins and more tables but the aim is the restrict
the amount of data travelling up the tree so subsequent joins contain less
tuples.

if you need them i can dig out some references from books that i have read
(and forgotten !!!) so let me know if i'm only making sense to myself.

Steve

""Jeff Sack"" <sackj(at)alum(dot)rpi(dot)edu> wrote in message
news:003301c168a0$034d53e0$019ca8c0(at)jeff(dot)(dot)(dot)
> This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
>
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>
> Hello all. I have an academic project that I'm working on and, as I'm
> relatively new to optimization techniques and database design, I'm
> wondering if some of you can give me some pointers. Below is the schema
> (to model baseball statistics), and I'm pretty much stuck with it at
> this point. If anyone has any suggestions involving changing the
> schema, I'd appreciate hearing them just for future reference.
>
> There are several interesting queries that I've been constructing just
> to get a feel for this schema, and given that some of these tables
> contain 100,000-200,000 tuples, some queries are taking a good 5-10
> seconds to execute. I'm just wondering if this is simply the fault of
> my schema or are these queries poorly constructed? Here are some
> queries I've been trying:
>
> Here's a query for the top ten all time home run leaders:
> select P.first_name, P.last_name, S.player_id, sum(B.hr) as hr,
> (sum(B.h)::float / sum(B.ab)::float) ab
> from statistics S, batting_stats B, players P
> where S.id=B.id and S.player_id=P.id and B.ab>0
> group by P.first_name, P.last_name, S.player_id
> order by hr desc limit 10;
>
> Select the 10 highest batting averages of all time where the batter had
> 600 or more at bats. Also gather the name, year, team, hits, at bats...
>
> select (B.h::float / B.ab) as avg, B.h, B.ab, S.year, P.first_name,
> P.last_name, T.city, T.name
> from batting_stats B, statistics S, players P, Teams T
> where B.ab > 600 and S.id=B.id and S.player_id=P.id and S.team_id=T.id
> order by avg desc limit 10;
>
> To find the names of the single season home run leaders, along with the
> total number of home runs, the team name/city and the year:
>
> select P.first_name, P.last_name, B.hr, T.name, T.city, S.year from
> statistics S, batting_stats B, players P, teams T
> where (S.id=B.id) and
> (S.player_id=P.id) and
> (B.hr>30) and
> (T.id=S.team_id) limit 10;
>
> You get the idea. These queries take a while. Is this just the way it
> is or there things that can be done to optimize this?
>
> One separate issue (the reason why the above examples are all about
> batting statistics) I'm having is representing the innings pitched
> statistic. The way it is often represented (and the way it is done in
> this schema) is something like this 123.0 means exactly 123 innings
> pitched, 123.1 means 123 1/3 innings, and 123.2 means 123 2/3 innings
> pitched. I'm contemplating the best way to write a function that knows
> how to sum these values accurately. Is this something that can be done
> with PL/PGSQL or should I go straight to something like PLPERL?
> Alternatively, I could research a way to represent fractions in the DB
> and write a script to convert all values in this column. Any advice
> here??
>
> Thanks in advance for any thoughts, comments, suggestions.
>
> -Jeff
>
>
> create table leagues
> (
> -- create an integer id field for easier and efficient FK
> referencing
> id serial,
> name varchar(50),
> first_year integer not null
> check (first_year > 1850 and first_year < 2010),
> last_year integer
> check (first_year > 1850 and first_year < 2010),
> primary key(id),
> constraint chronological_order
> check (last_year >= first_year)
> );
>
>
> create table teams
> (
> id serial,
> name varchar(50) not null,
> city varchar(50),
> first_year integer not null
> check (first_year > 1850 and first_year < 2010),
> last_year integer
> check (first_year > 1850 and first_year < 2010),
> alt_id integer,
> league_id integer not null,
> primary key(id),
> foreign key(alt_id) references teams(id),
> foreign key(league_id) references leagues(id)
> on delete cascade,
> constraint chronological_order
> check (last_year >= first_year)
> );
>
> create table players
> (
> id serial,
> first_name varchar(30),
> last_name varchar(30) not null,
> bats char(1) check (bats in ('L','R','S')),
> throws char(1) check (throws in ('L','R')),
> dob date,
> primary key(id)
> );
>
> create table statistics
> (
> id serial,
> year integer not null,
> g integer,
> player_id integer not null,
> team_id integer not null,
> foreign key(player_id) references players(id)
> on delete cascade,
> foreign key(team_id) references teams(id)
> on delete cascade,
> primary key(id)
> );
>
> create table managing_stats
> (
> id integer not null,
> w integer,
> l integer,
> primary key(id),
> foreign key(id) references statistics(id)
> on delete cascade
> );
>
> create table fielding_stats
> (
> id integer not null,
> pos char(5),
> po integer,
> a integer,
> e integer,
> dp integer,
> primary key(id),
> foreign key(id) references statistics(id)
> on delete cascade
> );
>
> create table batting_stats
> (
> id integer not null,
> ab integer,
> r integer,
> h integer,
> doubles integer,
> triples integer,
> hr integer,
> rbi integer,
> sb integer,
> cs integer,
> bb integer,
> so integer,
> sh integer,
> sf integer,
> ibb integer,
> hbp integer,
> primary key(id),
> foreign key(id) references statistics(id)
> on delete cascade
> );
>
> create table pitching_stats
> (
> id integer not null,
> w integer,
> l integer,
> gs integer,
> cg integer,
> sh integer,
> sv integer,
> ip numeric(5,1),
> h integer,
> er integer,
> hr integer,
> bb integer,
> so integer,
> primary key(id),
> foreign key(id) references statistics(id)
> on delete cascade
> );
>
>
>
>
>
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> <body lang=3DEN-US link=3Dblue vlink=3Dpurple style=3D'tab-interval:.5in'>
>
> <div class=3DSection1>
>
> 0.0pt;
> font-family:Arial'><o:p> </o:p>
>
> 0.0pt;
> font-family:Arial'>Hello all. 
</span=
> >I
> have an academic project that I’m working on and, as I’m
relati=
> vely
> new to optimization techniques and database design, I’m wondering if
=
> some
> of you can give me some pointers. 
</=
> span>Below
> is the schema (to model baseball statistics), and I’m pretty much
stu=
> ck
> with it at this point.  If
any=
> one
> has any suggestions involving changing the schema, I’d appreciate
hea=
> ring
> them just for future reference…<o:p></o:p>
>
> 0.0pt;
> font-family:Arial'><o:p> </o:p>
>
> 0.0pt;
> font-family:Arial'>There are several interesting queries that I’ve
be=
> en
> constructing just to get a feel for this schema, and given that some of
the=
> se
> tables contain 100,000-200,000 tuples, some
que=
> ries
> are taking a good 5-10 seconds to execute.=
>  
> I’m just wondering if this is simply the fault of my schema
or=
> are
> these queries poorly constructed? style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'> Here are some queries I’ve
be=
> en
> trying:<o:p></o:p>
>
> 0.0pt;
> font-family:Arial'><o:p> </o:p>
>
> 0.0pt;
> font-family:Arial'>Here’s a query for the top ten all time home run
> leaders:<o:p></o:p>
>
> 
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'>se=
> lect size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> Arial'> P.first_name, P.la=
> st_name,
> S.player_id, sum(B.hr</spa=
> n>) as
> hr, (sum(B.h)::float / sum( >B.ab)::float)
> ab<o:p></o:p>
>
> 
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'>fr=
> om size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> Arial'> statistics S, batting_stats B, players
=
> P<o:p></o:p>
>
> 
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'>wh=
> ere size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> Arial'> S.id=3DB.id=
> and class=3DSpellE>S.player_id=3DP.id and
<s=
> pan
> class=3DSpellE>B.ab>0<o:p></o:p>
>
> 
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'>gr=
> oup size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> Arial'> by P.first_name, P=
> .last_name,
> S.player_id<o:p></o:p>
>
> 
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'>or=
> der size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> Arial'> by hr desc limit
10;<o:p></o:p><=
> /font>
>
> 10.0pt;
>
font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'><o:p> </o:p></fo=
> nt>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DArial>Se=
> lect the
> 10 highest batting averages of all time where the batter had 600 or more
at
> bats.  Also gather the name,
y=
> ear,
> team, hits, at bats...<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3D"Courier New"> Courier New"'><o:p> </o:p>
>
> e'> class=3DGramE> font-family:
> System;mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier
New"'>select size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> "Courier New"'> (B.h::float / llE>B.ab)
> as avg, B.h, class=3DSpellE>B.ab, S.year, =3DSpellE>P.first_name,
> P.last_name, T.city=
> , class=3DSpellE>T.name <o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> class=3DGramE> font-family:
> System;mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'>from size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> "Courier New"'> batting_stats B, statistics S,
> players P, Teams T <o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> class=3DGramE> font-family:
> System;mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'>where size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> "Courier New"'> B.ab > 600 and =3DSpellE>S.id=3D class=3DSpellE>B.id and S.player_id=3D<s=
> pan
> class=3DSpellE>P.id and S.team_id=3D class=3DSpellE>T.id <o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> class=3DGramE> font-family:
> System;mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'>order size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> "Courier New"'> by avg des=
> c
> limit 10;<o:p></o:p>
>
> 10.0pt;
>
font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'><o:p> </o:p></fo=
> nt>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DArial>To=
> find the
> names of the single season home run leaders, along with the total number
of
> home runs, the team name/city and the year:<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3D"Courier New"> Courier New"'><o:p> </o:p>
>
> e'> class=3DGramE> font-family:
> System;mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier
New"'>select size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> "Courier New"'> P.first_name, llE>P.last_name,
> B.hr, T.name,
 class=3DSpellE>T.city, S.year from
stati=
> stics S,
> batting_stats B, players P, teams T
<o:p></o:p>=
> 
>
> e'> class=3DGramE> font-family:
> System;mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'>where size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> "Courier New"'> (S.id=3DB.=
> id)
> and <o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> "Courier New"'>(S.player_id=3D llE>P.id)
> and <o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> "Courier New"'>(B.hr>30)
and<o:p></o:p></spa=
> n>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> "Courier New"'>(T.id=3DS.t=
> eam_id)
> limit 10;<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> "Courier New"'><o:p> </o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DArial>Yo=
> u get the
> idea.  These queries take a
wh=
> ile. style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>  Is this just the way it is or
there
> things that can be done to optimize this?&=
> nbsp;
> <o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DArial><o=
> :p> </o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DArial>On=
> e separate
> issue (the reason why the above examples are all about batting statistics)
=
> I’m
> having is representing the innings pitched statistic. style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'> The way it is often represented
(an=
> d the
> way it is done in this schema) is something like this 123.0 means exactly
1=
> 23
> innings pitched, 123.1 means 123 1/3 innings, and 123.2 means 123 2/3
innin=
> gs
> pitched.  I’m
contemplat=
> ing
> the best way to write a function that knows how to sum these values
> accurately.  Is this
something=
> that
> can be done with PL/PGSQL or should I go straight to something like
PLPERL?=
> style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>  Alternatively, I could research a
=
> way to
> represent fractions in the DB and write a script to convert all values in
t=
> his
> column.  A=
> ny
> advice here??<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DArial><o=
> :p> </o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DArial>Th=
> anks in
> advance for any thoughts, comments,
suggestions…<o:p></o:p></f=
> ont>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DArial><o=
> :p> </o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DArial>-J=
> eff<o:p></o:p>
>
> <div style=3D'border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext
1.0pt;mso-border-b=
> ottom-alt:
> solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 0in 1.0pt 0in'>
>
> wtext .75pt;
> padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:0in 0in 1.0pt 0in'> >
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'><o=
> :p> </o:p>
>
> </div>
>
> ze:10.0pt;
>
font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:System;font-weight:bold'><o:p>&nbsp=
> ;</o:p>
>
> e'> class=3DGramE> pt;
>
font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:System;font-weight:bold'>create</sp=
> an> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'> table leagues<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>(<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          --
> create an integer id field for easier and efficient FK
referencing<o:p></o:=
> p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DGramE>id   &n=
>
bsp;           &nbsp=
> ;     serial,<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DGramE>name   =
>            
<=
> span
> class=3DSpellE>varchar(50),<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DSpellE>first_year so-tab-count:
> 1'>         integer not
null=
> <o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>
            &nb=
> sp;        class=3DGramE>check (first_year >
185=
> 0 and class=3DSpellE>first_year <
2010),<o:p></o:p></=
> p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DSpellE>last_year o-tab-count:
> 1'>        
integer<o:p></o:=
> p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>
            &nb=
> sp;        class=3DGramE>check (first_year >
185=
> 0 and class=3DSpellE>first_year <
2010),<o:p></o:p></=
> p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DGramE>primary key(id),<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DGramE>constraint chronological_order</s=
> pan><o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>
            &nb=
> sp;        class=3DGramE>check (last_year >=3D
<=
> span
> class=3DSpellE>first_year)<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>);<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><o:p> </o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><o:p> </o:p>
>
> e'> class=3DGramE> pt;
>
font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:System;font-weight:bold'>create</sp=
> an> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'> table teams<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>(<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DGramE>id   &n=
>
bsp;           &nbsp=
> ;     serial,<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DGramE>name   =
>            
<=
> span
> class=3DSpellE>varchar(50) not
null,<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DGramE>city   =
>
            &nb=
> sp;  class=3DSpellE>varchar(50),<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DSpellE>first_year so-tab-count:
> 1'>         integer not
null=
> <o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>
            &nb=
> sp;        class=3DGramE>check (first_year >
185=
> 0 and class=3DSpellE>first_year <
2010),<o:p></o:p></=
> p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DSpellE>last_year o-tab-count:
> 1'>        
integer<o:p></o:=
> p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>
            &nb=
> sp;        class=3DGramE>check (first_year >
185=
> 0 and class=3DSpellE>first_year <
2010),<o:p></o:p></=
> p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DSpellE>alt_id ab-count:
>
2'>            =
>    integer,<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DSpellE>league_id o-tab-count:
> 1'>        integer not
null,<o:p>=
> </o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DGramE>primary key(id),<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DGramE>foreign key(alt_id)
refere=
> nces
> teams(id),<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DGramE>foreign key(league_id)
ref=
> erences
> leagues(id)<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>
            &nb=
> sp;        class=3DGramE>on delete cascade,<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DGramE>constraint chronological_order</s=
> pan><o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>
            &nb=
> sp;        class=3DGramE>check (last_year >=3D
<=
> span
> class=3DSpellE>first_year)<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>);<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><o:p> </o:p>
>
> e'> class=3DGramE> pt;
>
font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:System;font-weight:bold'>create</sp=
> an> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'> table players<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>(<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DGramE>id   &n=
>
bsp;           &nbsp=
> ;     serial,<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DSpellE>first_name so-tab-count:
> 1'>       varchar=
> (30),<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DSpellE>last_name o-tab-count:
> 1'>       varchar=
> (30)
> not null,<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DGramE>bats   =
>
            &nb=
> sp; char(1)
> check (bats in ('L','R','S')),<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DGramE>throws  &nbs=
> p;          char(1)
> check (throws in ('L','R')),<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DSpellE>dob count:
>
2'>            =
>      
date,<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DGramE>primary key(id)<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>);<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><o:p> </o:p>
>
> e'> class=3DGramE> pt;
>
font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:System;font-weight:bold'>create</sp=
> an> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'> table
statistics<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>(<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DGramE>id   &n=
>
bsp;           &nbsp=
>
;            &n=
> bsp;    serial,<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DGramE>year   =
>
            &nb=
>
sp;            =
> integer
> not null,<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DGramE>g   &nb=
>
sp;            =
>
            &nb=
> sp;    
integer,<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DSpellE>player_id o-tab-count:
>
2'>            =
>          integer
> not null,<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DSpellE>team_id tab-count:
>
3'>            =
>
            &nb=
> sp;          integer
> not null,<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DGramE>foreign key(player_id)
ref=
> erences
> players(id)<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>
            &nb=
> sp;        class=3DGramE>on delete cascade,<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DGramE>foreign key(team_id)
refer=
> ences
> teams(id)<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>
            &nb=
> sp;        class=3DGramE>on delete cascade,<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DGramE>primary key(id)<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>);<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><o:p> </o:p>
>
> e'> class=3DGramE> pt;
>
font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:System;font-weight:bold'>create</sp=
> an> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'> table managing_stats<=
> o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>(<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DGramE>id   &n=
>
bsp;           &nbsp=
>
;            &n=
> bsp;    integer
> not null,<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DGramE>w   &nb=
>
sp;            =
>
            &nb=
> sp;    
integer,<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DGramE>l   &nb=
>
sp;            =
>
            &nb=
> sp;     
integer,<o:p></o:p><=
> /b>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DGramE>primary key(id),<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DGramE>foreign key(id) references
statistics(id)<o:p></o:p></=
> span>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>
            &nb=
> sp;        class=3DGramE>on delete cascade<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>);<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><o:p> </o:p>
>
> e'> class=3DGramE> pt;
>
font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:System;font-weight:bold'>create</sp=
> an> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'> table fielding_stats<=
> o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>(<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DGramE>id   &n=
>
bsp;           &nbsp=
>
;            &n=
> bsp;    integer
> not null,<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DGramE>pos   &=
>
nbsp;           &nbs=
>
p;            &=
> nbsp; char(5),<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DSpellE>po
ount:3'>           &=
>
nbsp;           &nbs=
> p;       
integer,<o:p></o:p></sp=
> an>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DGramE>a   &nb=
>
sp;            =
>
            &nb=
> sp;    
integer,<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DGramE>e   &nb=
>
sp;            =
>
            &nb=
> sp;    
integer,<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DSpellE>dp
ount:3'>           &=
>
nbsp;           &nbs=
> p;       
integer,<o:p></o:p></sp=
> an>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DGramE>primary key(id),<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DGramE>foreign key(id) references
statistics(id)<o:p></o:p></=
> span>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>
            &nb=
> sp;        class=3DGramE>on delete cascade<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>);<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><o:p> </o:p>
>
> e'> class=3DGramE> pt;
>
font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:System;font-weight:bold'>create</sp=
> an> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'> table batting_stats<o=
> :p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>(<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DGramE>id   &n=
>
bsp;           &nbsp=
>
;            &n=
> bsp;    integer
> not null,<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DSpellE>ab
ount:3'>           &=
>
nbsp;           &nbs=
> p;       
integer,<o:p></o:p></sp=
> an>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DGramE>r   &nb=
>
sp;            =
>
            &nb=
> sp;     
integer,<o:p></o:p><=
> /b>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DGramE>h   &nb=
>
sp;            =
>
            &nb=
> sp;    
integer,<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DGramE>doubles  &nb=
>
sp;            =
>
            &nb=
> sp;      
integer,<o:p></o:p></=
> font>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DGramE>triples  &nb=
>
sp;            =
>           
integer=
> ,<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DGramE>hr   &n=
>
bsp;           &nbsp=
>
;            &n=
> bsp;    integer,<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DSpellE>rbi count:
>
3'>            =
>
            &nb=
> sp;      
integer,<o:p></o:p></=
> font>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DSpellE>sb
ount:3'>           &=
>
nbsp;           &nbs=
> p;       
integer,<o:p></o:p></sp=
> an>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DSpellE>cs
ount:3'>           &=
>
nbsp;           &nbs=
> p;       
integer,<o:p></o:p></sp=
> an>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DGramE>bb   &n=
>
bsp;           &nbsp=
>
;            &n=
> bsp;   integer,<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DGramE>so   &n=
>
bsp;           &nbsp=
>
;            &n=
> bsp;   integer,<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DSpellE>sh
ount:3'>           &=
>
nbsp;           &nbs=
> p;       
integer,<o:p></o:p></sp=
> an>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DSpellE>sf
ount:3'>           &=
>
nbsp;           &nbs=
> p;        
integer,<o:p></o:=
> p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DSpellE>ibb count:
>
3'>            =
>
            &nb=
> sp;     
integer,<o:p></o:p><=
> /b>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DSpellE>hbp count:
>
3'>            =
>
            &nb=
> sp;    
integer,<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DGramE>primary key(id),<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DGramE>foreign key(id) references
statistics(id)<o:p></o:p></=
> span>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>
            &nb=
> sp;        class=3DGramE>on delete cascade<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>);<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><o:p> </o:p>
>
> e'> class=3DGramE> pt;
>
font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:System;font-weight:bold'>create</sp=
> an> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'> table pitching_stats<=
> o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>(<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DGramE>id   &n=
>
bsp;           &nbsp=
>
;            &n=
> bsp;    integer
> not null,<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DGramE>w   &nb=
>
sp;            =
>
            &nb=
> sp;    
integer,<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DGramE>l   &nb=
>
sp;            =
>
            &nb=
> sp;     
integer,<o:p></o:p><=
> /b>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DSpellE>gs
ount:3'>           &=
>
nbsp;           &nbs=
> p;       
integer,<o:p></o:p></sp=
> an>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DGramE>cg   &n=
>
bsp;           &nbsp=
>
;            &n=
> bsp;   integer,<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DSpellE>sh ount:1'>        
style=3D'mso-tab-count:2'>        &=
>
nbsp;           &nbs=
> p;   integer,<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DSpellE>sv
ount:3'>           &=
>
nbsp;           &nbs=
> p;       
integer,<o:p></o:p></sp=
> an>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DSpellE>ip
ount:3'>           &=
>
nbsp;           &nbs=
> p;        
numeric(5,1),<o:p=
> ></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DGramE>h   &nb=
>
sp;            =
>
            &nb=
> sp;    
integer,<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DSpellE>er
ount:3'>           &=
>
nbsp;           &nbs=
> p;        
integer,<o:p></o:=
> p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DGramE>hr   &n=
>
bsp;           &nbsp=
>
;            &n=
> bsp;    integer,<o:p></o:p>
>
> e'> size=3D2 face=3DSystem> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>   =
>          class=3DGramE>bb   &n=
>
bsp;           &nbsp=
>
;            &n=
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In response to

Optimizing at 2001-11-08 21:54:59 from Jeff Sack

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