Re: Large Rows

On 10/26/2011 12:31 AM, David Johnston wrote:
> On Oct 25, 2011, at 22:17, Lee Hachadoorian<lee(dot)hachadoorian(at)gmail(dot)com> wrote:
>
>> I need some advice on storing/retrieving data in large rows. Invariably someone points out that very long rows are probably poorly normalized, but I have to deal with how to store a dataset which cannot be changed, specifically the ~23,000 column US Census American Community Survey.
>>
>> The Census releases these data in 117 "sequences" of< 256 columns (in order to be read by spreadsheet applications with a 256 column limit). I have previously stored each sequence in its own table, which is pretty straightforward.
>>
>> My problem is that some of the demographic researchers I work with want a one-table dump of the entire dataset. This would primarily be for data transfer. This is of limited actual use in analysis, but nonetheless, that's what we want to be able to do.
>>
>> Now, I can't join all the sequences in one SQL query for export because of the 1600 column limit. So based on previous list activity (Tom Lane: Perhaps you could collapse multiple similar columns into an array column? http://archives.postgresql.org/pgsql-admin/2008-05/msg00211.php) I decided to try to combine all the sequences into one table using array columns. (This would actually make querying easier since the users wouldn't have to constantly JOIN the sequences in their queries.) Next problem: I run into the 8k row size limit once about half the columns are populated. As far as I can understand, even though a row theoretically supports a 1.6TB (!) row size, this only works for TOASTable data types (primarily text?). The vast majority of the 23k columns I'm storing are bigint.
>>
>> Questions:
>>
>> 1) Is there any way to solve problem 1, which is to export the 23k columns from the database as it is, with 117 linked tables?
>> 2) Is there any way to store the data all in one row? If numeric types are un-TOASTable, 23k columns will necessarily break the 8k limit even if they were all smallint, correct?
>>
>> Regards,
>> --Lee
>>
>> --
>> Lee Hachadoorian
>> PhD, Earth& Environmental Sciences (Geography)
>> Research Associate, CUNY Center for Urban Research
>> http://freecity.commons.gc.cuny.edu
>>
>>
>> --
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> You can brute-force a 23k column CSV output file using a programming language but if you need to keep it in a database the fact we are talking about being over the numeric column limit by a factor of twenty means you are basically SOL with PostgreSQL.
>
> Even if such a table were possible how it, in it's entirety, would be useful is beyond me.
It's not, as no one would ever analyze all the variables at once. Doing
this with a programming language is probably the way to go. But am I
correct that using arrays to reduce the number of columns won't work
because numeric data types aren't TOASTable?
> There are few things that cannot be changed, and this requirement is unlikely to be one of those things. Your problems are more political than technical and those are hard to provide advice for in an e-mail.
>
> If you need technical solutions there may be another tool out there that can get you what you want but stock PostgreSQL isn't going to cut it.
>
> Not having any idea what those 23k columns are doesn't help either; the census questionnaire isn't that big...
The vast majority of the columns represent population counts. Sometimes
it might represent a dollar amount (income or contract rent, for
example). While a sample of individual questionnaires is released (the
microdata), this question concerns the summary files, where the
individual answers are categorized/bucketed and aggregated by various
geographies. So a cell might represent number of people in a county
(row) who commuted to work by bicycle (column). The number of rows grows
when various categories are crossed with each other. Table B08519 -
"MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION TO WORK BY WORKERS' EARNINGS IN THE PAST 12
MONTHS" contains 6 transportation modes crossed by 8 income classes, for
63 columns once subtotals are added. The complete list of variables is
available at
http://www2.census.gov/acs2009_5yr/summaryfile/Sequence_Number_and_Table_Number_Lookup.xls.

> Instead of giving them what they think they want talk to them and then try to provide them what they actually need given the limitations of your current toolset, or resolve to find a more suitable tool if the needs are valid but cannot be met with the existing tools.
>
> David J.
Regards,
--Lee

--
Lee Hachadoorian
PhD, Earth& Environmental Sciences (Geography)
Research Associate, CUNY Center for Urban Research
http://freecity.commons.gc.cuny.edu