PostgreSQL does not choose my indexes well

From: Arcadio Ortega Reinoso <arcadio(dot)ortega(at)gmail(dot)com>
To: pgsql-performance(at)lists(dot)postgresql(dot)org
Subject: PostgreSQL does not choose my indexes well
Date: 2020-04-23 11:36:43
Message-ID: 35dc90d6-e0c2-13b8-3184-e3db5d854a78@gmail.com
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Hi,

I don't understand why postgresql doesn't use clearly the most optimal
index for a query in PLAN.

Can you help me?

create table public.tabla
(
    cod_tabla bigint not null,
    tabla varchar(31) not null,
    constraint pk_tabla primary key (cod_tabla)
);

create table public.entidad
(
    cod_entidad bigint not null,
    cod_tabla bigint not null,
    cod_entidad_tabla bigint not null,
    constraint pk_entidad primary key (cod_entidad),
    constraint fk_tabla_entidad foreign key (cod_tabla)
        references public.tabla (cod_tabla) match simple
        on update cascade
        on delete cascade
);

CREATE INDEX idx_tabla_entidad
    ON public.entidad USING btree
    (cod_tabla ASC NULLS LAST);

CREATE INDEX idx_entidad_tabla_4
    ON public.entidad USING btree
    (cod_entidad_tabla ASC NULLS LAST)
    INCLUDE(cod_entidad, cod_tabla, cod_entidad_tabla)
    WHERE cod_tabla::bigint = 4;

SELECT count(*) from entidad;
34.413.354

SELECT count(*) from entidad where cod_tabla = 4;
1.409.985

explain (analyze, buffers, format text) select * from entidad where
cod_tabla = 4

Index Scan using idx_tabla_entidad on entidad (cost=0.56..51121.41
rows=1405216 width=20) (actual time=0.037..242.609 rows=1409985 loops=1)
  Index Cond: ((cod_tabla)::bigint = 4)
  Buffers: shared hit=12839
Planning Time: 0.158 ms
Execution Time: 311.828 ms

Why postgresql doesnt use the index idx_entidad_tabla_4?????

Thanks in advance

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