Re: FAQ in farsi (txt version)

Patch applied. Thanks.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Mahmoud Taghizadeh wrote:
> this is txt version of farsi translation I had submitted before.
>
>
> With Regards,
> --taghi
>
> ---------------------------------
> Do you Yahoo!?
> Take Yahoo! Mail with you! Get it on your mobile phone.

Content-Description: PostgreSQL FAQ.txt

> PostgreSQL FAQ PostgreSQL
> : 28 1383
> ( ) : Bruce Momjian
> pgman(at)candle(dot)pha(dot)pa(dot)us
> : m(dot)taghizadeh(at)imenafzar(dot)net
>
>
> http://www.PostgreSQL.org/docs/faqs/FAQ.html
> ()
> http://www.PostgreSQL.org/docs/index.html
>
>
>
>
> 1.1) PostgreSQL
> 1.2) ( ) PostgreSQL
> 1.3) PostgreSQL
> 1.4)
> 1.5) PostgreSQL
> 1.6)
> 1.7)
> 1.8)
> 1.9)
>
> 1.10) SQL
> 1.11) PostgreSQL Y2K
> 1.12) PostgreSQL
> 1.13)
> 1.14) PostgreSQL DBMS
> 1.15) PostgreSQL
>
>
> 2.1) ODBC PostgreSQL
> 2.2) PostgreSQL
> 2.3) PostgreSQL
> 2.4) PostgreSQL
>
>
> 3.1) PostgreSQL /usr/local/pgsql/
> 3.2) postmaster Bad system call
> core dump
> 3.3) postmaster
> IpcMemoryCreate
> 3.4) postmaster
> IpcSemaphoreCreate
> 3.5)
> 3.6)
> 3.7)
> 3.8) "Sorry, too many
> clients"
> 3.9) pgsql_tmp
> 3.10) dump
> restore
> 3.11)
>
>
> 4.1) binary cursors Normal cursors
> 4.2) SELECT
>
> 4.3) psql
>
> 4.4)
> 4.5)
> 4.6)
> 4.7)
>
> 4.8)
> 4.9)
> 4.10) R-tree
> 4.11) (Genetic Query Optimizer)
> 4.12)
>
> 4.13) NULL
> 4.14) character
> 4.15.1)
> 4.15.2)
> 4.15.3) ()nextval ()currval race
>
> 4.15.4) abort
>
> 4.16) OID TID
> 4.17) PostgreSQL
> 4.18) "ERROR: Memory exhausted in AllocSetAlloc"
> 4.19) PostgreSQL
> 4.20) large-object "invalid large obj
> descriptor"
> 4.21)
>
> 4.22) IN
> 4.23) (outer join)
> 4.24)
> 4.25)
> 4.26) PL/PgSQL
> 4.27) (replication)
> 4.28)
>
> PostgreSQL
> 5.1) . psql core
> dump
> 5.2) PostgreSQL
> .
> 5.3) C tuple ( )
>
> 5.4)
>
>
>
>
>
>
> 1.1) PostgreSQL
> PostgreSQL Post-Gres-Q-L .
> http://www.postfresql.org/postgresql.mp3
> .
> PostgreSQL POSTGRES (
> Postgres )
> . PostgreSQL
> PostQuel SQL .
> PostgreSQL .
> PostgreSQL
> PostgreSQL . Marc G.
> Fournier scrappy(at)PostgreSQL(dot)org . (
> 1.6 ).
> PostgreSQL .
> .
> http://www.PostgreSQL.org/docs/faqs/FAQ_DEV.html .
> PostgreSQL Andrew Yu and Jolly Chen .
> . Postgres PostgreSQL
>
> Michael Stonebrake
> .
> Postgres . 1995
> SQL Postgres95 . 1996 PostgreSQL
> .
> 1.2) PostgreSQL
> PostgreSQL :
> PostgreSQL Data Base Management System
> Portions copyright (c) 1996-2004, PostgreSQL Global Development Group Portions
> Copyright (c) 1994-6 Regents of the University of California
> Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its
> documentation for any purpose, without fee, and without a written agreement is
> hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph and
> the following two paragraphs appear in all copies.
> IN NO EVENT SHALL THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BE LIABLE TO ANY PARTY FOR
> DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING LOST
> PROFITS, ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE AND ITS DOCUMENTATION, EVEN IF
> THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
> THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTIES, INCLUDING,
> BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
> PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE SOFTWARE PROVIDED HEREUNDER IS ON AN "AS IS" BASIS, AND
> THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA HAS NO OBLIGATIONS TO PROVIDE MAINTENANCE, SUPPORT,
> UPDATES, ENHANCEMENTS, OR MODIFICATIONS.
> BSD .
> .
> .
> 1.3) PostgreSQL
> PostgreSQL () .
> PostgreSQL
> .
> 1.4)
> Client
> psql, libpq
> . Client
> TCP/IP
> . win32.mak PostgreSQL
> libpq psql . PostgreSQL
> ODBC .
> Server
> Cygwin Cygnus NT
> Win2K . pgsql/doc/FAQ_MSWIN
> PostgreSQL
> http://www.PostgreSQL.org/docs/faqs/text/FAQ_MSWIN .
> PostgreSQL Win NT/2000/XP
> .
> http://momjian.postgresql.org/main/writings/pgsql/win32.htm
> http://techdocs.postgresql.org/guides/Windows .
> Novell Netware 6
> http://forge.novell.com .
> 1.5) PostgreSQL
> PostgreSQL ftp://ftp.PostgreSQL.org/pub .
> PostgreSQL
> .
> 1.6)
> pgsql-general(at)PostgreSQL(dot)org .
> PostgreSQL .
> .
> Subject .
> subscribe
> end
> : pgsql-general-request(at)PostgreSQL(dot)org
> .
> .
> pgsql-general-digest-request(at)PostgreSQL(dot)org
> subscribe
> end
> 30
> .
> .
> pgsql-bugs-request(at)PostgreSQL(dot)org .
> subscribe
> end
> () .
> .
> pgsql-hackers-request(at)PostgreSQL(dot)org
> subscribe
> end
> PostgreSQL
> http://www.postgresql.org .
> IRC Freenode EFNet PostgreSQL# .
> irc -c '#PostgreSQL' "$USER" irc.phoenix.net. irc
> -c '#PostgreSQL' "$USER" irc.freenode.net .
> PostgreSQL
> http://techdocs.postgresql.org/companies.php .
> 1.7)
> PostgreSQL 7.4.3 .
> 6 8 .
> 1.8)
> PostgreSQL
> doc .
> http://www.PostgreSQL.org/docs .
> PostgreSQL
> http://www.PostgreSQL.org/docs/awbook.htm http://www.commandprompt.com/ppbook
> .
> http://techdocs.PostgreSQL.org/techdocs/bookreviews.php .
> PostgreSQL http://techdocs.PostgreSQL.org
> .
> psql d\
> ... .
> .
> 1.9)
>
> PostgreSQL SQL-92 . TODO
> .
> 1.10) SQL
> PostgreSQL SQL http://www.PostgreSQL.org/docs/awbook.html
> . http://www.commandprompt.com/ppbook .
>
> http://www.intermedia.net/support/sql/sqltut.shtm
> http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/graeme_birchall/HTM_COOK.HTM
> http://sqlcourse.com SQL .
> SQL "SQL 21
> " http://members.tripod.com/er4ebus/sql/index.htm
> .
> The Practical SQL . The
> Complete Refrence SQL McGraw-Hill .
> 1.11) PostgreSQL Y2K
> PostgreSQL 2000 .
> 1.12) PostgreSQL
> PostgreSQL
> . pgsql-patches pgsql-hackers
> . pgsql-patches .
> cvs
> .
> PostgreSQL .
> 1.13)
> PostgreSQL
> http://www.PostgreSQL.org/bugs/bugs.php .
> .
> PostgreSQL
> ftp://ftp.PostgreSQL.org/pub .
> 1.14) PostgreSQL DBMS
>
>
>
> PostgreSQL
> transactions, subselets, triggers, views, foreign key referential integrity
> sophisticated locking . PostgreSQL
> user-defined types Inheritance
> rules multi-version concurrency control
>
>
> PostgreSQL .
> . MySQL
> / .
> SELECT MySQL . MySQL
> PostgreSQL .
> .
> http://openacs.org/philosophy/why-not-mysql.html MySQL
> PostgreSQL . MySQL
>
> PostgreSQL .
>
>
> .
>
> .
> .
> PostgreSQL
>
> .
>
>
> .
>
> PostgreSQL .
> .
> FAQ section 1.6 .
>
> .
> PostgreSQL
> BSD .
> 1.15) PostgreSQL
> PostgreSQL Marc Fournier
> .
> .
> .
> .
> .
> http://store.pgsql.com/shopping
> .
> PostgreSQL,Inc
> PostgreSQL .
> .
> PostgreSQL
> http://advocacy.postgresql.org .
>
>
>
>
> 2.1) ODBC PostgreSQL
> ODBC psqlODBC OpenLink PostgreSQL .
> psqlODBC
> http://gborg.postgresql.org/project/psqlodbc/projdisplay.php .
> OpenLlink http://www.openlinksw.com .
> ODBC
> OpenLink ODBC PostgreSQL
> .
> .
> .
> postgres95(at)openlink(dot)co(dot)uk .
> 2.2) PostgreSQL
> http://www.webreview.com PostgreSQL
> .
> PHP .
> PHP http://www.php.net .
> Perl CGI.pm mod_perl .
> 2.3) PostgreSQL
> PostgreSQL pgAccess
> http://www.pgaccess.org pgAdmin III http://www.pgadmin.org RHDB
> Admin http://sources.redhat.com/rhdb Rekall
> http://www.thekompany.com/products/rekall . phpPgAdmin
> http://phppgadmin.sourceforge.net
> PostgreSQL .
> PostgreSQL
> http://techdocs.postgresql.org/guides/GUITools .
> 2.4) PostgreSQL
> PostgreSQL .
> PostgreSQL
> .
> C (libpq)
> Embedded C (ecpg)
> Java (jdbc)
> Python (PyGreSQL)
> TCL (libpgtcl)
> http://gborg.postgresql.org Drivers/Interfaces
> .
>
>
>
>
> 3.1) PostgreSQL /usr/local/pgsql/
> configure prefix-- .
> 3.2) postmaster Bad system call
> core dump
> .
> System V . PostgreSQL
> .
> 3.3) postmaster
> IpcMemoryCreate
>
> .
> postmaster .
> 1 .
> PostgreSQL Administrator's Guide
> .
> 3.4) postmaster
> IpcSemaphoreCreate
> (pcSemaphoreCreate: semget failed (No space left on device
> . PostgreSQL
> backend .
> postmaster
> . N- 32
> . SEMMNS, SEMMNI
> .
>
> crash .
>
> . PostgreSQL
> .
> 3.5)
> PostgreSQL
> .
> PostgreSQL tcp_sockets postgresql.conf
> PGDATA/ph_hba.conf
> . TCP/IP PostgreSQL .
> 3.6)
>
> . EXPLAIN ANALYZE PostgreSQL
> .
> INSERT
> COPY . INSERT .
> . BEGIN
> COMMIT . PostgreSQL
> .
> .
> o -F- postmaster ()fsync .
> .
> B- postmaster
> . postmaster
> . 8 64
> .
> S-
> PostgreSQL . 512 .
> CLUSTER .
> CLUSTER .
> 3.7)
> PostgerSQL
> .
> enable-assert-- ()assert
> .
> Postmaster postgres .
> postmaster log .
> cd /usr/local/pgsql
> ./bin/postmaster >server.log 2>&1 &
> log PostgreSQL .
> .
> d- postmaster .
> d- Log
> . Log .
> postmaster postgres
> SQL .
> . newline
> ;. postmaster
> .
> postmaster psql postgres .
> PID postgres psql
> . pid .
> postgres "PGOPTIONS="-W n psql
> . postgres n
>
> .
> postgres s- A- t-
> .
> postgreSQL profiling .
> .
> DLINUX_PROFILE. .
> 3.8) "Sorry, too many
> clients"
> postmaster .
> 32 . N- postgresql.conf
>
> N- 32 B-
> . N- .
> .
> SHMMAX SEMMNI SEMMNS
> NPROC MAXUPRC NFILE NINODE.
> postgreSQL
> PostgreSQL .
> 3.9) pgsql_tmp
> .
> order by
> S-
> .
> postgreSQL
> crash . stop start postmaster
> .
> 3.10) dump
> restore
> postgreSQL minor
> 7.2 7.2.1
> dump restore . major
> .
> . dump
> restore .
> pg_upgrade
> dump
> restore .
> pg_upgrade .
> 3.11)
>
> PC
> . . SCSI ECC
>
> . PostgreSQL
> .
> .
>
>
>
>
> 4.1) binary cursors Normal cursors
> DECLARE .
> 4.2) SELECT
>
> FETCH SELECT...LIMIT .
>
> . ORDER BY .
> ORDER BY postgreSQL
>
> .
> :
> SELECT col
> FROM tab
> ORDER BY random()
> LIMIT 1;
> 4.3) psql
>
> dt\ psql .
> ?\ . psql
> pgsql/src/bin/psql/describe.c . SQL
> \ psql .
> psql E-. psql
> SQL . PostgreSQL SQLi
> .
> 4.4)
> 7.3 ALTER TABLE DROP COLUMN
> . :
> BEGIN;
> LOCK TABLE old_table;
> SELECT ... --
> INTO TABLE new_table
> FROM old_table;
> DROP TABLE old_table;
> ALTER TABLE new_table RENAME TO old_table;
> COMMIT;
> :
> BEGIN;
> ALTER TABLE tab ADD COLUMN new_col new_data_type;
> UPDATE tab SET new_col = CAST(old_col AS new_data_type);
> ALTER TABLE tab DROP COLUMN old_col;
> COMMIT;
> 4.5)
> :
> ( 32 )
> 32
> 1.6
> 1
>
> 250 6000
>
> .
>
> .
>
> .
> .
> 32
> 4 .
> 4.6)
> PostgreSQL 5
> .
> 100000
> . 20 .
> 2.8 PostgreSQL 6.4
> .
> 32 bytes:
> 24 bytes: 24
> + 4 bytes:
> ----------------------------------------
> 60 bytes
>
> PostgreSQL 8
> 8192
> ------------------- = 136
> 60
>
> 100000
> -------------------- =
> 128
>
> 735 * 8192 = 6,021,120
>
> .
> NULL bitmap .
> 4.7)
>
> psql \
> . ?\ .
> pg_ . psql
> l- .
> pgsql/src/tutorial/syscat.source SELECT
> .
> 4.8)
> .
>
> .
>
> .
> PostgreSQL
> . ANALYZE VACUUM ANALYZE
> .
> .
>
> .
> .
> ORDER BY .
>
> .
> ORDER BY LIMIT
> . ()MIN ()MAX
>
> ORDER BY LIMIT .
> SELECT col
> FROM tab
> ORDER BY col [ DESC ]
> LIMIT 1;
>
> 'SET enable_seqscan TO 'off'
> .
> LIKE ~
> :
> :
> - LIKE %
> - ~ ^
> [a-e]
> ILIKE *~ .
> 4.12 .
> locale initdb .
> 4.9)
> EXPLAIN .
> 4.10) R-tree
> R-Tree . hash
> . "B-tree"
> . R-Tree
> . R-tree Point
> "select all points within a bounding rectangle"
> .
> R-tree
> Guttman, A. "R-trees: A Dynamic Index Structure for Spatial Searching."
> Proceedings of the 1984 ACM SIGMOD Int'l Conf on Mgmt of Data, 45-57.
> R-tree . R-tree
> . R-tree
> .
> 4.11) (Genetic Query Optimizer)
> GEQO
> .
> 4.12)
>
> ~ .
> *~ ILIKE .
> .
> SELECT *
> FROM tab
> WHERE lower(col) = 'abc';
> .
> .
> CREATE INDEX tabindex ON tab (lower(col));
> 4.13) NULL
> IS NULL IS NOT NULL NULL
> .
> 4.14) character
> Type Internal Name Notes
> --------------------------------------------------
> VARCHAR(n) varchar
> CHAR(n) bpchar
> TEXT text
> BYTEA bytea
> "char" char
> system catalogue .
> varlena (4
> .)
> .
> .
> (VARCHAR(n .
> text
> .( )
> (CHAR(n . (CHAR(n
> () VARCHAR
> . BYTEA
> NULL .
> .
> 4.15.1)
> PostgreSQL . (
> ) :
> CREATE TABLE person (
> id SERIAL,
> name TEXT
> );
> :
> CREATE SEQUENCE person_id_seq;
> CREATE TABLE person (
> id INT4 NOT NULL DEFAULT nextval('person_id_seq'),
> name TEXT
> );
> create_sequence .
> OID .
> dump reload pg_dumps
> o- .
> 4.15.2)
> ()nextval .
> :
> new_id = execute("SELECT nextval('person_id_seq')");
> execute("INSERT INTO person (id, name) VALUES (new_id, 'Blaise Pascal')");
> new_id
> . SEQUENCE
> table_serialcolumn_seq .
> table serialcolumn .
> () currval
> .
> execute("INSERT INTO person (name) VALUES ('Blaise Pascal')");
> new_id = execute("SELECT currval('person_id_seq')");
> OID INSERT
> .
> oid 4 . perl
> DBI DBD::Pg oid :
> ()st->execute$ oid sth->pg_oid_status$ .
> 4.15.3) ()nextval ()currval race
>
> race .
> 4.15.4) abort
>
>
> abort
> .
> 4.16) OID TID
> OID PostgreSQL .
> OID . OID
> initdb 16384 OID
> . OID
> OID .
> PostgreSQL OID
> . OID
> . .
> PostgreSQL OID
> . OID
> OID :
>
> CREATE TABLE new_table(mycol int);
> SELECT oid AS old_oid, mycol INTO tmp_table FROM old_table;
> COPY tmp_table TO '/tmp/pgtable';
> COPY new_table WITH OIDS FROM '/tmp/pgtable';
> DROP TABLE tmp_table;
> OID 4 4
> .
> PostgreSQL
> .
> TID . TID
> . TID
> .
> 4.17) PostgreSQL
> :
> table, relation, class :
> row, record, tuple
> column, field, attribute
> retrieve, select
> replace, update
> append, insert
> OID, serial value
> portal, cursor
> range variable, table name, table alias
>
> http://hea-www.harvard.edu/MST/simul/software/docs/pkgs/pgsql/glossary/glossary.htm
> .
> 4.18) "ERROR: Memory exhausted in AllocSetAlloc"
>
> .
> .
> ulimit -d 262144
> limit datasize 256m
> .
>
> .
> 4.19) PostgreSQL
> ()SELECT version
> 4.20) large-object "invalid large obj
> descriptor"
> large-object BEGIN
> END . PostgreSQL large-object
> (commit) .
> invalid large obj descriptor .
> .
> BEGIN END .
> ODBC
> : set auto-commit off
> 4.21)
>
> CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
> :
> CREATE TABLE test (x int, modtime timestamp DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP );
>
> 4.22) " " IN
> 7.4
>
> .
> IN
> EXISTS
> SELECT *
> FROM tab
> WHERE col IN (SELECT subcol FROM subtab);
> :
> SELECT *
> FROM tab
> WHERE EXISTS (SELECT subcol FROM subtab WHERE subcol = col);
> subcol .
> 7.4 IN
> EXISTS
> .
> 4.23) (outer join)
> :
> SELECT *
> FROM t1 LEFT OUTER JOIN t2 ON (t1.col = t2.col);
>
> SELECT *
> FROM t1 LEFT OUTER JOIN t2 USING (col);
> t1.col , t2.col t1
> t2 . RIGHT
> . t2 t1 FULL
> t1 t2.
> OUTER LEFT, RIGHT, FULL
> .
> UNION, NOT
> IN . :
>
> SELECT tab1.col1, tab2.col2
> FROM tab1, tab2
> WHERE tab1.col1 = tab2.col1
> UNION ALL
> SELECT tab1.col1, NULL
> FROM tab1
> WHERE tab1.col1 NOT IN (SELECT tab2.col1 FROM tab2)
> ORDER BY col1
> 4.24)
> . PostgreSQL
>
> .
>
> .
> 4.25)
> 7.3 .
>
> :http://techdocs.postgresql.org/guides/SetReturningFunctions
> 4.26) PL/PgSQL
> PL/PgSQL (cache) .
>
>
> .
> EXECUTE
> .
> 4.27) (replication)
> There are several master/slave replication options available. These allow only
> the master to make database changes and the slave can only do database reads.
> The bottom of http://gborg.PostgreSQL.org/genpage?replication_research lists
> them. A multi-master replication solution is being worked on at
> http://gborg.PostgreSQL.org/project/pgreplication/projdisplay.php.
> 4.28)
> contrib/pgcrypto
> SQL .
> client server SSL
> .
> 7.3
> PASSWORD_ENCRYPTION
> postgresql.conf .
>
>
>
>
> Extending PostgreSQL
> 5.1) . psql core
> dump
> .
> .
> 5.2) PostgreSQL
>
> pgsql-hackers .
> 5.3) C tuple ( )
>
> 7.3 .
> C PL/PgSQL .
> .
> contrib/tablefunc .
> 5.4)
>
> Makefile include .
> make
> clean . gcc
> enable-depend-- configure
> .

--
Bruce Momjian | http://candle.pha.pa.us
pgman(at)candle(dot)pha(dot)pa(dot)us | (610) 359-1001
+ If your life is a hard drive, | 13 Roberts Road
+ Christ can be your backup. | Newtown Square, Pennsylvania 19073