BUG #18240: Undefined behaviour in cash_mul_flt8() and friends

The following bug has been logged on the website:

Bug reference: 18240
Logged by: Alexander Lakhin
Email address: exclusion(at)gmail(dot)com
PostgreSQL version: 16.1
Operating system: Ubuntu 22.04
Description:

The following multiplication:
SELECT 1_000_000_000::money * 1_000_000_000::float8;

gives the incorrect result:
-$92,233,720,368,547,758.08

UBSan detects undefined behaviour:
cash.c:669:11: runtime error: 1e+20 is outside the range of representable
values of type 'long'
#0 0x55d66011b73a in cash_mul_flt8
.../src/backend/utils/adt/cash.c:669:11

The same is observed with float4:
cash.c:719:11: runtime error: 1e+20 is outside the range of representable
values of type 'long'
#0 0x55f2adc46072 in cash_mul_flt4
.../src/backend/utils/adt/cash.c:719:11

And with float8 * money...

Reproduced on REL9_6_0 (but the defect is much older, AFAICS) .. HEAD.