BUG #16325: Assert failure on partitioning by int for a text value with a collation

The following bug has been logged on the website:

Bug reference: 16325
Logged by: Alexander Lakhin
Email address: exclusion(at)gmail(dot)com
PostgreSQL version: 12.2
Operating system: Ubuntu 18.04
Description:

The following query:
create table parted (i int) partition by list (i);
create table part_coll partition of parted for values in ('1' collate
"POSIX");

leads to an assert failure with the following stack trace:
Core was generated by `postgres: law regression [local] CREATE TABLE
'.
Program terminated with signal SIGABRT, Aborted.
#0 __GI_raise (sig=sig(at)entry=6) at ../sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/raise.c:51
51 ../sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/raise.c: No such file or directory.
(gdb) bt
#0 __GI_raise (sig=sig(at)entry=6) at ../sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/raise.c:51
#1 0x00007f4e455fa801 in __GI_abort () at abort.c:79
#2 0x000055cd3d082f40 in ExceptionalCondition (
conditionName=conditionName(at)entry=0x55cd3d2b1f5b "!(strvalue != ((void
*)0))",
errorType=errorType(at)entry=0x55cd3d0d9e88 "FailedAssertion",
fileName=fileName(at)entry=0x55cd3d2b1f50 "snprintf.c",
lineNumber=lineNumber(at)entry=442) at assert.c:54
#3 0x000055cd3d0d0903 in dopr (target=target(at)entry=0x7ffe43ec6310,
format=0x55cd3d1fbfcd "\"",
format(at)entry=0x55cd3d1fbf70 "collation of partition bound value for
column \"%s\" does not match partition key collation \"%s\"",
args=0x7ffe43ec63c0) at snprintf.c:442
#4 0x000055cd3d0d0ff4 in pg_vsnprintf (str=<optimized out>,
count=<optimized out>, count(at)entry=1024,
fmt=fmt(at)entry=0x55cd3d1fbf70 "collation of partition bound value for
column \"%s\" does not match partition key collation \"%s\"",
args=args(at)entry=0x7ffe43ec63c0) at snprintf.c:195
#5 0x000055cd3d0d6e3c in pvsnprintf (buf=<optimized out>,
len=len(at)entry=1024,
fmt=fmt(at)entry=0x55cd3d1fbf70 "collation of partition bound value for
column \"%s\" does not match partition key collation \"%s\"",
args=args(at)entry=0x7ffe43ec63c0) at psprintf.c:110
#6 0x000055cd3ce1b357 in appendStringInfoVA (str=str(at)entry=0x7ffe43ec63a0,

fmt=fmt(at)entry=0x55cd3d1fbf70 "collation of partition bound value for
column \"%s\" does not match partition key collation \"%s\"",
args=args(at)entry=0x7ffe43ec63c0) at stringinfo.c:136
#7 0x000055cd3d087371 in errmsg (
fmt=fmt(at)entry=0x55cd3d1fbf70 "collation of partition bound value for
column \"%s\" does not match partition key collation \"%s\"") at
elog.c:794
#8 0x000055cd3cd3e3a4 in transformPartitionBoundValue
(pstate=pstate(at)entry=0x55cd3ed58148, val=0x55cd3ecbb1a8,
colName=colName(at)entry=0x55cd3ed58680 "i", colType=colType(at)entry=23,
colTypmod=colTypmod(at)entry=-1,
partCollation=partCollation(at)entry=0) at parse_utilcmd.c:4043
#9 0x000055cd3cd41231 in transformPartitionBound
(pstate=pstate(at)entry=0x55cd3ed58148,
parent=parent(at)entry=0x7f4e46f86290, spec=<optimized out>) at
parse_utilcmd.c:3802
#10 0x000055cd3cda67e4 in DefineRelation (stmt=stmt(at)entry=0x55cd3ed5a620,
relkind=relkind(at)entry=114 'r', ownerId=10,
ownerId(at)entry=0, typaddress=typaddress(at)entry=0x0,
queryString=queryString(at)entry=0x55cd3ec97fd8 "create table part_coll
partition of parted for values in ('1' collate \"POSIX\");") at
tablecmds.c:972
#11 0x000055cd3cf5ed12 in ProcessUtilitySlow
(pstate=pstate(at)entry=0x55cd3ed5a508, pstmt=pstmt(at)entry=0x55cd3ec99138,
queryString=queryString(at)entry=0x55cd3ec97fd8 "create table part_coll
partition of parted for values in ('1' collate \"POSIX\");",
context=context(at)entry=PROCESS_UTILITY_TOPLEVEL, params=params(at)entry=0x0,
queryEnv=queryEnv(at)entry=0x0,
dest=0x55cd3ec99230, completionTag=0x7ffe43ec6d30 "") at
utility.c:1014
#12 0x000055cd3cf5eac6 in standard_ProcessUtility (pstmt=0x55cd3ec99138,
queryString=0x55cd3ec97fd8 "create table part_coll partition of parted
for values in ('1' collate \"POSIX\");",
context=PROCESS_UTILITY_TOPLEVEL, params=0x0, queryEnv=0x0,
dest=0x55cd3ec99230, completionTag=0x7ffe43ec6d30 "")
at utility.c:927
#13 0x000055cd3cf5eb74 in ProcessUtility (pstmt=pstmt(at)entry=0x55cd3ec99138,
queryString=<optimized out>,
context=context(at)entry=PROCESS_UTILITY_TOPLEVEL, params=<optimized out>,
queryEnv=<optimized out>,
dest=dest(at)entry=0x55cd3ec99230, completionTag=0x7ffe43ec6d30 "") at
utility.c:360
#14 0x000055cd3cf5b026 in PortalRunUtility
(portal=portal(at)entry=0x55cd3ecff288, pstmt=pstmt(at)entry=0x55cd3ec99138,
isTopLevel=isTopLevel(at)entry=true,
setHoldSnapshot=setHoldSnapshot(at)entry=false, dest=dest(at)entry=0x55cd3ec99230,

completionTag=completionTag(at)entry=0x7ffe43ec6d30 "") at pquery.c:1175
#15 0x000055cd3cf5bc70 in PortalRunMulti
(portal=portal(at)entry=0x55cd3ecff288, isTopLevel=isTopLevel(at)entry=true,
setHoldSnapshot=setHoldSnapshot(at)entry=false,
dest=dest(at)entry=0x55cd3ec99230, altdest=altdest(at)entry=0x55cd3ec99230,
completionTag=completionTag(at)entry=0x7ffe43ec6d30 "") at pquery.c:1321
#16 0x000055cd3cf5c9df in PortalRun (portal=portal(at)entry=0x55cd3ecff288,
count=count(at)entry=9223372036854775807,
isTopLevel=isTopLevel(at)entry=true, run_once=run_once(at)entry=true,
dest=dest(at)entry=0x55cd3ec99230,
altdest=altdest(at)entry=0x55cd3ec99230, completionTag=0x7ffe43ec6d30 "")
at pquery.c:796
#17 0x000055cd3cf58cc3 in exec_simple_query (
query_string=query_string(at)entry=0x55cd3ec97fd8 "create table part_coll
partition of parted for values in ('1' collate \"POSIX\");") at
postgres.c:1215
#18 0x000055cd3cf5ac67 in PostgresMain (argc=<optimized out>,
argv=argv(at)entry=0x55cd3ecc3388, dbname=<optimized out>,
username=<optimized out>) at postgres.c:4247
#19 0x000055cd3ceccf37 in BackendRun (port=port(at)entry=0x55cd3ecbba60) at
postmaster.c:4437
#20 0x000055cd3ced0229 in BackendStartup (port=port(at)entry=0x55cd3ecbba60) at
postmaster.c:4128
#21 0x000055cd3ced0545 in ServerLoop () at postmaster.c:1704
#22 0x000055cd3ced195e in PostmasterMain (argc=3, argv=<optimized out>) at
postmaster.c:1377
#23 0x000055cd3ce2cdf4 in main (argc=3, argv=0x55cd3ec92630) at main.c:228

Reproduced on REL_12..master.