November 21, 2024: PostgreSQL 17.2, 16.6, 15.10, 14.15, 13.18, and 12.22 Released!
Supported Versions: Current (17) / 16 / 15 / 14 / 13
Development Versions: devel
Unsupported versions: 12 / 11 / 10 / 9.6 / 9.5 / 9.4 / 9.3 / 9.2 / 9.1 / 9.0 / 8.4 / 8.3 / 8.2 / 8.1 / 8.0 / 7.4
This documentation is for an unsupported version of PostgreSQL.
You may want to view the same page for the current version, or one of the other supported versions listed above instead.
PostgreSQL 9.0.23 Documentation
Prev Home Next

V. Server Programming

This part is about extending the server functionality with user-defined functions, data types, triggers, etc. These are advanced topics which should probably be approached only after all the other user documentation about PostgreSQL has been understood. Later chapters in this part describe the server-side programming languages available in the PostgreSQL distribution as well as general issues concerning server-side programming languages. It is essential to read at least the earlier sections of Chapter 35 (covering functions) before diving into the material about server-side programming languages.

Table of Contents
35. Extending SQL
35.1. How Extensibility Works
35.2. The PostgreSQL Type System
35.3. User-Defined Functions
35.4. Query Language (SQL) Functions
35.5. Function Overloading
35.6. Function Volatility Categories
35.7. Procedural Language Functions
35.8. Internal Functions
35.9. C-Language Functions
35.10. User-Defined Aggregates
35.11. User-Defined Types
35.12. User-Defined Operators
35.13. Operator Optimization Information
35.14. Interfacing Extensions To Indexes
35.15. Using C++ for Extensibility
36. Triggers
36.1. Overview of Trigger Behavior
36.2. Visibility of Data Changes
36.3. Writing Trigger Functions in C
36.4. A Complete Trigger Example
37. The Rule System
37.1. The Query Tree
37.2. Views and the Rule System
37.3. Rules on INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE
37.4. Rules and Privileges
37.5. Rules and Command Status
37.6. Rules versus Triggers
38. Procedural Languages
38.1. Installing Procedural Languages
39. PL/pgSQL - SQL Procedural Language
39.1. Overview
39.2. Structure of PL/pgSQL
39.3. Declarations
39.4. Expressions
39.5. Basic Statements
39.6. Control Structures
39.7. Cursors
39.8. Errors and Messages
39.9. Trigger Procedures
39.10. PL/pgSQL Under the Hood
39.11. Tips for Developing in PL/pgSQL
39.12. Porting from Oracle PL/SQL
40. PL/Tcl - Tcl Procedural Language
40.1. Overview
40.2. PL/Tcl Functions and Arguments
40.3. Data Values in PL/Tcl
40.4. Global Data in PL/Tcl
40.5. Database Access from PL/Tcl
40.6. Trigger Procedures in PL/Tcl
40.7. Modules and the unknown command
40.8. Tcl Procedure Names
41. PL/Perl - Perl Procedural Language
41.1. PL/Perl Functions and Arguments
41.2. Data Values in PL/Perl
41.3. Built-in Functions
41.4. Global Values in PL/Perl
41.5. Trusted and Untrusted PL/Perl
41.6. PL/Perl Triggers
41.7. PL/Perl Under the Hood
42. PL/Python - Python Procedural Language
42.1. Python 2 vs. Python 3
42.2. PL/Python Functions
42.3. Data Values
42.4. Sharing Data
42.5. Anonymous Code Blocks
42.6. Trigger Functions
42.7. Database Access
42.8. Utility Functions
42.9. Environment Variables
43. Server Programming Interface
43.1. Interface Functions
43.2. Interface Support Functions
43.3. Memory Management
43.4. Visibility of Data Changes
43.5. Examples
Prev Home Next
views   Extending SQL