November 14, 2024: PostgreSQL 17.1, 16.5, 15.9, 14.14, 13.17, and 12.21 Released!
Supported Versions: Current (17) / 16 / 15 / 14 / 13
Development Versions: devel
Unsupported versions: 12 / 11 / 10 / 9.6 / 9.5 / 9.4 / 9.3 / 9.2 / 9.1 / 9.0 / 8.4 / 8.3 / 8.2 / 8.1 / 8.0 / 7.4
This documentation is for an unsupported version of PostgreSQL.
You may want to view the same page for the current version, or one of the other supported versions listed above instead.
Part V. Server Programming
Prev  Up PostgreSQL 11.22 Documentation Home  Next

Part V. Server Programming

This part is about extending the server functionality with user-defined functions, data types, triggers, etc. These are advanced topics which should probably be approached only after all the other user documentation about PostgreSQL has been understood. Later chapters in this part describe the server-side programming languages available in the PostgreSQL distribution as well as general issues concerning server-side programming languages. It is essential to read at least the earlier sections of Chapter 38 (covering functions) before diving into the material about server-side programming languages.

Table of Contents

38. Extending SQL
38.1. How Extensibility Works
38.2. The PostgreSQL Type System
38.3. User-defined Functions
38.4. User-defined Procedures
38.5. Query Language (SQL) Functions
38.6. Function Overloading
38.7. Function Volatility Categories
38.8. Procedural Language Functions
38.9. Internal Functions
38.10. C-Language Functions
38.11. User-defined Aggregates
38.12. User-defined Types
38.13. User-defined Operators
38.14. Operator Optimization Information
38.15. Interfacing Extensions To Indexes
38.16. Packaging Related Objects into an Extension
38.17. Extension Building Infrastructure
39. Triggers
39.1. Overview of Trigger Behavior
39.2. Visibility of Data Changes
39.3. Writing Trigger Functions in C
39.4. A Complete Trigger Example
40. Event Triggers
40.1. Overview of Event Trigger Behavior
40.2. Event Trigger Firing Matrix
40.3. Writing Event Trigger Functions in C
40.4. A Complete Event Trigger Example
40.5. A Table Rewrite Event Trigger Example
41. The Rule System
41.1. The Query Tree
41.2. Views and the Rule System
41.3. Materialized Views
41.4. Rules on INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE
41.5. Rules and Privileges
41.6. Rules and Command Status
41.7. Rules Versus Triggers
42. Procedural Languages
42.1. Installing Procedural Languages
43. PL/pgSQL - SQL Procedural Language
43.1. Overview
43.2. Structure of PL/pgSQL
43.3. Declarations
43.4. Expressions
43.5. Basic Statements
43.6. Control Structures
43.7. Cursors
43.8. Transaction Management
43.9. Errors and Messages
43.10. Trigger Functions
43.11. PL/pgSQL Under the Hood
43.12. Tips for Developing in PL/pgSQL
43.13. Porting from Oracle PL/SQL
44. PL/Tcl - Tcl Procedural Language
44.1. Overview
44.2. PL/Tcl Functions and Arguments
44.3. Data Values in PL/Tcl
44.4. Global Data in PL/Tcl
44.5. Database Access from PL/Tcl
44.6. Trigger Functions in PL/Tcl
44.7. Event Trigger Functions in PL/Tcl
44.8. Error Handling in PL/Tcl
44.9. Explicit Subtransactions in PL/Tcl
44.10. Transaction Management
44.11. PL/Tcl Configuration
44.12. Tcl Procedure Names
45. PL/Perl - Perl Procedural Language
45.1. PL/Perl Functions and Arguments
45.2. Data Values in PL/Perl
45.3. Built-in Functions
45.4. Global Values in PL/Perl
45.5. Trusted and Untrusted PL/Perl
45.6. PL/Perl Triggers
45.7. PL/Perl Event Triggers
45.8. PL/Perl Under the Hood
46. PL/Python - Python Procedural Language
46.1. Python 2 vs. Python 3
46.2. PL/Python Functions
46.3. Data Values
46.4. Sharing Data
46.5. Anonymous Code Blocks
46.6. Trigger Functions
46.7. Database Access
46.8. Explicit Subtransactions
46.9. Transaction Management
46.10. Utility Functions
46.11. Environment Variables
47. Server Programming Interface
47.1. Interface Functions
47.2. Interface Support Functions
47.3. Memory Management
47.4. Transaction Management
47.5. Visibility of Data Changes
47.6. Examples
48. Background Worker Processes
49. Logical Decoding
49.1. Logical Decoding Examples
49.2. Logical Decoding Concepts
49.3. Streaming Replication Protocol Interface
49.4. Logical Decoding SQL Interface
49.5. System Catalogs Related to Logical Decoding
49.6. Logical Decoding Output Plugins
49.7. Logical Decoding Output Writers
49.8. Synchronous Replication Support for Logical Decoding
50. Replication Progress Tracking
Prev  Up  Next
37.64. views  Home  Chapter 38. Extending SQL