Table C-1 lists all tokens that are key words in the SQL standard and in PostgreSQL 9.1.24. Background information can be found in Section 4.1.1.
SQL distinguishes between reserved and non-reserved key words. According to the standard, reserved key words are the only real key words; they are never allowed as identifiers. Non-reserved key words only have a special meaning in particular contexts and can be used as identifiers in other contexts. Most non-reserved key words are actually the names of built-in tables and functions specified by SQL. The concept of non-reserved key words essentially only exists to declare that some predefined meaning is attached to a word in some contexts.
In the PostgreSQL parser life is a bit more complicated. There are several different classes of tokens ranging from those that can never be used as an identifier to those that have absolutely no special status in the parser as compared to an ordinary identifier. (The latter is usually the case for functions specified by SQL.) Even reserved key words are not completely reserved in PostgreSQL, but can be used as column labels (for example, SELECT 55 AS CHECK, even though CHECK is a reserved key word).
In Table C-1 in the column for PostgreSQL we classify as "non-reserved" those key words that are explicitly known to the parser but are allowed as column or table names. Some key words that are otherwise non-reserved cannot be used as function or data type names and are marked accordingly. (Most of these words represent built-in functions or data types with special syntax. The function or type is still available but it cannot be redefined by the user.) Labeled "reserved" are those tokens that are not allowed as column or table names. Some reserved key words are allowable as names for functions or data types; this is also shown in the table. If not so marked, a reserved key word is only allowed as an "AS" column label name.
As a general rule, if you get spurious parser errors for commands that contain any of the listed key words as an identifier you should try to quote the identifier to see if the problem goes away.
It is important to understand before studying Table C-1 that the fact that a key word is not reserved in PostgreSQL does not mean that the feature related to the word is not implemented. Conversely, the presence of a key word does not indicate the existence of a feature.
Table C-1. SQL Key Words
| Key Word | PostgreSQL | SQL:2008 | SQL:2003 | SQL:1999 | SQL-92 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
| ABORT | non-reserved | ||||
| ABS | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | ||
| ABSENT | non-reserved | ||||
| ABSOLUTE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
| ACCESS | non-reserved | ||||
| ACCORDING | non-reserved | ||||
| ACTION | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
| ADA | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| ADD | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
| ADMIN | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | |
| AFTER | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | |
| AGGREGATE | non-reserved | reserved | |||
| ALIAS | reserved | ||||
| ALL | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| ALLOCATE | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| ALSO | non-reserved | ||||
| ALTER | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| ALWAYS | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| ANALYSE | reserved | ||||
| ANALYZE | reserved | ||||
| AND | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| ANY | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| ARE | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| ARRAY | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| ARRAY_AGG | reserved | ||||
| AS | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| ASC | reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
| ASENSITIVE | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | ||
| ASSERTION | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
| ASSIGNMENT | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| ASYMMETRIC | reserved | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | |
| AT | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| ATOMIC | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | ||
| ATTRIBUTE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| ATTRIBUTES | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
| AUTHORIZATION | reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| AVG | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | reserved | |
| BACKWARD | non-reserved | ||||
| BASE64 | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
| BEFORE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | |
| BEGIN | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| BERNOULLI | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
| BETWEEN | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | reserved |
| BIGINT | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | ||
| BINARY | reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| BIT | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | ||
| BITVAR | non-reserved | ||||
| BIT_LENGTH | non-reserved | reserved | |||
| BLOB | reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
| BLOCKED | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
| BOM | non-reserved | ||||
| BOOLEAN | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| BOTH | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| BREADTH | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | ||
| BY | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| C | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| CACHE | non-reserved | ||||
| CALL | reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
| CALLED | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | |
| CARDINALITY | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | ||
| CASCADE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
| CASCADED | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| CASE | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| CAST | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| CATALOG | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
| CATALOG_NAME | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| CEIL | reserved | reserved | |||
| CEILING | reserved | reserved | |||
| CHAIN | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| CHAR | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| CHARACTER | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| CHARACTERISTICS | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| CHARACTERS | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
| CHARACTER_LENGTH | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | reserved | |
| CHARACTER_SET_CATALOG | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| CHARACTER_SET_NAME | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| CHARACTER_SET_SCHEMA | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| CHAR_LENGTH | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | reserved | |
| CHECK | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| CHECKED | non-reserved | ||||
| CHECKPOINT | non-reserved | ||||
| CLASS | non-reserved | reserved | |||
| CLASS_ORIGIN | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| CLOB | reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
| CLOSE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| CLUSTER | non-reserved | ||||
| COALESCE | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | reserved |
| COBOL | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| COLLATE | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| COLLATION | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
| COLLATION_CATALOG | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| COLLATION_NAME | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| COLLATION_SCHEMA | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| COLLECT | reserved | reserved | |||
| COLUMN | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| COLUMNS | non-reserved | ||||
| COLUMN_NAME | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| COMMAND_FUNCTION | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| COMMAND_FUNCTION_CODE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| COMMENT | non-reserved | ||||
| COMMENTS | non-reserved | ||||
| COMMIT | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| COMMITTED | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
| COMPLETION | reserved | ||||
| CONCURRENTLY | reserved (can be function or type) | ||||
| CONDITION | reserved | reserved | |||
| CONDITION_NUMBER | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| CONFIGURATION | non-reserved | ||||
| CONNECT | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| CONNECTION | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
| CONNECTION_NAME | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| CONSTRAINT | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| CONSTRAINTS | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
| CONSTRAINT_CATALOG | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| CONSTRAINT_NAME | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| CONSTRUCTOR | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | ||
| CONTAINS | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| CONTENT | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| CONTINUE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
| CONTROL | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
| CONVERSION | non-reserved | ||||
| CONVERT | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | reserved | |
| COPY | non-reserved | ||||
| CORR | reserved | reserved | |||
| CORRESPONDING | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| COST | non-reserved | ||||
| COUNT | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | reserved | |
| COVAR_POP | reserved | reserved | |||
| COVAR_SAMP | reserved | reserved | |||
| CREATE | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| CROSS | reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| CSV | non-reserved | ||||
| CUBE | reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
| CUME_DIST | reserved | reserved | |||
| CURRENT | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| CURRENT_CATALOG | reserved | reserved | |||
| CURRENT_DATE | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| CURRENT_DEFAULT_TRANSFORM_GROUP | reserved | reserved | |||
| CURRENT_PATH | reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
| CURRENT_ROLE | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| CURRENT_SCHEMA | reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | |||
| CURRENT_TIME | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| CURRENT_TIMESTAMP | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| CURRENT_TRANSFORM_GROUP_FOR_TYPE | reserved | reserved | |||
| CURRENT_USER | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| CURSOR | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| CURSOR_NAME | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| CYCLE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| DATA | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | non-reserved |
| DATABASE | non-reserved | ||||
| DATALINK | reserved | reserved | |||
| DATE | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| DATETIME_INTERVAL_CODE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| DATETIME_INTERVAL_PRECISION | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| DAY | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| DB | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
| DEALLOCATE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| DEC | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| DECIMAL | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| DECLARE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| DEFAULT | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| DEFAULTS | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| DEFERRABLE | reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
| DEFERRED | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
| DEFINED | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| DEFINER | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| DEGREE | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
| DELETE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| DELIMITER | non-reserved | ||||
| DELIMITERS | non-reserved | ||||
| DENSE_RANK | reserved | reserved | |||
| DEPTH | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | ||
| DEREF | reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
| DERIVED | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
| DESC | reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
| DESCRIBE | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| DESCRIPTOR | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| DESTROY | reserved | ||||
| DESTRUCTOR | reserved | ||||
| DETERMINISTIC | reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
| DIAGNOSTICS | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| DICTIONARY | non-reserved | reserved | |||
| DISABLE | non-reserved | ||||
| DISCARD | non-reserved | ||||
| DISCONNECT | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| DISPATCH | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| DISTINCT | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| DLNEWCOPY | reserved | reserved | |||
| DLPREVIOUSCOPY | reserved | reserved | |||
| DLURLCOMPLETE | reserved | reserved | |||
| DLURLCOMPLETEONLY | reserved | reserved | |||
| DLURLCOMPLETEWRITE | reserved | reserved | |||
| DLURLPATH | reserved | reserved | |||
| DLURLPATHONLY | reserved | reserved | |||
| DLURLPATHWRITE | reserved | reserved | |||
| DLURLSCHEME | reserved | reserved | |||
| DLURLSERVER | reserved | reserved | |||
| DLVALUE | reserved | reserved | |||
| DO | reserved | ||||
| DOCUMENT | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| DOMAIN | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
| DOUBLE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| DROP | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| DYNAMIC | reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
| DYNAMIC_FUNCTION | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| DYNAMIC_FUNCTION_CODE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| EACH | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| ELEMENT | reserved | reserved | |||
| ELSE | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| EMPTY | non-reserved | ||||
| ENABLE | non-reserved | ||||
| ENCODING | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
| ENCRYPTED | non-reserved | ||||
| END | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| END-EXEC | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| ENUM | non-reserved | ||||
| EQUALS | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | ||
| ESCAPE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| EVERY | reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
| EXCEPT | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| EXCEPTION | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
| EXCLUDE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| EXCLUDING | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| EXCLUSIVE | non-reserved | ||||
| EXEC | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| EXECUTE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| EXISTING | non-reserved | ||||
| EXISTS | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | reserved |
| EXP | reserved | reserved | |||
| EXPLAIN | non-reserved | ||||
| EXTENSION | non-reserved | ||||
| EXTERNAL | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| EXTRACT | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | reserved |
| FALSE | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| FAMILY | non-reserved | ||||
| FETCH | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| FILE | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
| FILTER | reserved | reserved | |||
| FINAL | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| FIRST | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
| FIRST_VALUE | reserved | ||||
| FLAG | non-reserved | ||||
| FLOAT | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| FLOOR | reserved | reserved | |||
| FOLLOWING | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| FOR | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| FORCE | non-reserved | ||||
| FOREIGN | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| FORTRAN | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| FORWARD | non-reserved | ||||
| FOUND | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| FREE | reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
| FREEZE | reserved (can be function or type) | ||||
| FROM | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| FS | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
| FULL | reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| FUNCTION | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| FUNCTIONS | non-reserved | ||||
| FUSION | reserved | reserved | |||
| G | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| GENERAL | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | ||
| GENERATED | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| GET | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| GLOBAL | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| GO | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| GOTO | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| GRANT | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| GRANTED | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| GREATEST | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | ||||
| GROUP | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| GROUPING | reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
| HANDLER | non-reserved | ||||
| HAVING | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| HEADER | non-reserved | ||||
| HEX | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
| HIERARCHY | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| HOLD | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | |
| HOST | reserved | ||||
| HOUR | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| ID | non-reserved | ||||
| IDENTITY | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| IF | non-reserved | ||||
| IGNORE | non-reserved | reserved | |||
| ILIKE | reserved (can be function or type) | ||||
| IMMEDIATE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
| IMMUTABLE | non-reserved | ||||
| IMPLEMENTATION | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| IMPLICIT | non-reserved | ||||
| IMPORT | reserved | reserved | |||
| IN | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| INCLUDING | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| INCREMENT | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| INDENT | non-reserved | ||||
| INDEX | non-reserved | ||||
| INDEXES | non-reserved | ||||
| INDICATOR | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| INFIX | non-reserved | ||||
| INHERIT | non-reserved | ||||
| INHERITS | non-reserved | ||||
| INITIALIZE | reserved | ||||
| INITIALLY | reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
| INLINE | non-reserved | ||||
| INNER | reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| INOUT | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| INPUT | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
| INSENSITIVE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | reserved |
| INSERT | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| INSTANCE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| INSTANTIABLE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| INSTEAD | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
| INT | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| INTEGER | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| INTEGRITY | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
| INTERSECT | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| INTERSECTION | reserved | reserved | |||
| INTERVAL | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| INTO | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| INVOKER | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| IS | reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| ISNULL | reserved (can be function or type) | ||||
| ISOLATION | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
| ITERATE | reserved | ||||
| JOIN | reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| K | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| KEY | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
| KEY_MEMBER | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| KEY_TYPE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| LABEL | non-reserved | ||||
| LAG | reserved | ||||
| LANGUAGE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| LARGE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| LAST | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
| LAST_VALUE | reserved | ||||
| LATERAL | reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
| LC_COLLATE | non-reserved | ||||
| LC_CTYPE | non-reserved | ||||
| LEAD | reserved | ||||
| LEADING | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| LEAST | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | ||||
| LEFT | reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| LENGTH | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| LESS | reserved | ||||
| LEVEL | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
| LIBRARY | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
| LIKE | reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| LIKE_REGEX | reserved | ||||
| LIMIT | reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | |
| LINK | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
| LISTEN | non-reserved | ||||
| LN | reserved | reserved | |||
| LOAD | non-reserved | ||||
| LOCAL | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| LOCALTIME | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| LOCALTIMESTAMP | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| LOCATION | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
| LOCATOR | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | ||
| LOCK | non-reserved | ||||
| LOWER | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | reserved | |
| M | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| MAP | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | ||
| MAPPING | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| MATCH | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| MATCHED | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
| MAX | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | reserved | |
| MAXVALUE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| MAX_CARDINALITY | reserved | ||||
| MEMBER | reserved | reserved | |||
| MERGE | reserved | reserved | |||
| MESSAGE_LENGTH | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| MESSAGE_OCTET_LENGTH | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| MESSAGE_TEXT | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| METHOD | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | ||
| MIN | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | reserved | |
| MINUTE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| MINVALUE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| MOD | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | ||
| MODE | non-reserved | ||||
| MODIFIES | reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
| MODIFY | reserved | ||||
| MODULE | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| MONTH | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| MORE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| MOVE | non-reserved | ||||
| MULTISET | reserved | reserved | |||
| MUMPS | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| NAME | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
| NAMES | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
| NAMESPACE | non-reserved | ||||
| NATIONAL | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| NATURAL | reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| NCHAR | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| NCLOB | reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
| NESTING | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
| NEW | reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
| NEXT | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
| NFC | non-reserved | ||||
| NFD | non-reserved | ||||
| NFKC | non-reserved | ||||
| NFKD | non-reserved | ||||
| NIL | non-reserved | ||||
| NO | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| NONE | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| NORMALIZE | reserved | reserved | |||
| NORMALIZED | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
| NOT | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| NOTHING | non-reserved | ||||
| NOTIFY | non-reserved | ||||
| NOTNULL | reserved (can be function or type) | ||||
| NOWAIT | non-reserved | ||||
| NTH_VALUE | reserved | ||||
| NTILE | reserved | ||||
| NULL | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| NULLABLE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| NULLIF | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | reserved |
| NULLS | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| NUMBER | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| NUMERIC | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| OBJECT | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | |
| OCCURRENCES_REGEX | reserved | ||||
| OCTETS | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
| OCTET_LENGTH | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | reserved | |
| OF | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| OFF | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | |
| OFFSET | reserved | reserved | |||
| OIDS | non-reserved | ||||
| OLD | reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
| ON | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| ONLY | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| OPEN | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| OPERATION | reserved | ||||
| OPERATOR | non-reserved | ||||
| OPTION | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
| OPTIONS | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| OR | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| ORDER | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| ORDERING | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
| ORDINALITY | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | ||
| OTHERS | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
| OUT | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| OUTER | reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| OUTPUT | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| OVER | reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | reserved | ||
| OVERLAPS | reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | reserved |
| OVERLAY | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | |
| OVERRIDING | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| OWNED | non-reserved | ||||
| OWNER | non-reserved | ||||
| P | non-reserved | ||||
| PAD | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| PARAMETER | reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
| PARAMETERS | reserved | ||||
| PARAMETER_MODE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| PARAMETER_NAME | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| PARAMETER_ORDINAL_POSITION | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| PARAMETER_SPECIFIC_CATALOG | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| PARAMETER_SPECIFIC_NAME | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| PARAMETER_SPECIFIC_SCHEMA | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| PARSER | non-reserved | ||||
| PARTIAL | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
| PARTITION | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
| PASCAL | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| PASSING | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
| PASSTHROUGH | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
| PASSWORD | non-reserved | ||||
| PATH | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | ||
| PERCENTILE_CONT | reserved | reserved | |||
| PERCENTILE_DISC | reserved | reserved | |||
| PERCENT_RANK | reserved | reserved | |||
| PERMISSION | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
| PLACING | reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| PLANS | non-reserved | ||||
| PLI | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| POSITION | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | reserved |
| POSITION_REGEX | reserved | ||||
| POSTFIX | reserved | ||||
| POWER | reserved | reserved | |||
| PRECEDING | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| PRECISION | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| PREFIX | reserved | ||||
| PREORDER | reserved | ||||
| PREPARE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| PREPARED | non-reserved | ||||
| PRESERVE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
| PRIMARY | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| PRIOR | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
| PRIVILEGES | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
| PROCEDURAL | non-reserved | ||||
| PROCEDURE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| PUBLIC | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| QUOTE | non-reserved | ||||
| RANGE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
| RANK | reserved | reserved | |||
| READ | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
| READS | reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
| REAL | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| REASSIGN | non-reserved | ||||
| RECHECK | non-reserved | ||||
| RECOVERY | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
| RECURSIVE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| REF | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| REFERENCES | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| REFERENCING | reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
| REGR_AVGX | reserved | reserved | |||
| REGR_AVGY | reserved | reserved | |||
| REGR_COUNT | reserved | reserved | |||
| REGR_INTERCEPT | reserved | reserved | |||
| REGR_R2 | reserved | reserved | |||
| REGR_SLOPE | reserved | reserved | |||
| REGR_SXX | reserved | reserved | |||
| REGR_SXY | reserved | reserved | |||
| REGR_SYY | reserved | reserved | |||
| REINDEX | non-reserved | ||||
| RELATIVE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
| RELEASE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
| RENAME | non-reserved | ||||
| REPEATABLE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
| REPLACE | non-reserved | ||||
| REPLICA | non-reserved | ||||
| REQUIRING | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
| RESET | non-reserved | ||||
| RESPECT | non-reserved | ||||
| RESTART | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| RESTORE | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
| RESTRICT | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
| RESULT | reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
| RETURN | reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
| RETURNED_CARDINALITY | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
| RETURNED_LENGTH | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| RETURNED_OCTET_LENGTH | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| RETURNED_SQLSTATE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| RETURNING | reserved | non-reserved | |||
| RETURNS | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| REVOKE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| RIGHT | reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| ROLE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | |
| ROLLBACK | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| ROLLUP | reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
| ROUTINE | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | ||
| ROUTINE_CATALOG | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| ROUTINE_NAME | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| ROUTINE_SCHEMA | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| ROW | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| ROWS | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| ROW_COUNT | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| ROW_NUMBER | reserved | reserved | |||
| RULE | non-reserved | ||||
| SAVEPOINT | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| SCALE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| SCHEMA | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
| SCHEMA_NAME | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| SCOPE | reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
| SCOPE_CATALOG | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
| SCOPE_NAME | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
| SCOPE_SCHEMA | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
| SCROLL | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| SEARCH | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| SECOND | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| SECTION | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| SECURITY | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| SELECT | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| SELECTIVE | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
| SELF | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| SENSITIVE | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | ||
| SEQUENCE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | |
| SEQUENCES | non-reserved | ||||
| SERIALIZABLE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
| SERVER | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| SERVER_NAME | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| SESSION | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
| SESSION_USER | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| SET | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| SETOF | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | ||||
| SETS | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | ||
| SHARE | non-reserved | ||||
| SHOW | non-reserved | ||||
| SIMILAR | reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | |
| SIMPLE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| SIZE | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| SMALLINT | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| SOME | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| SOURCE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| SPACE | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| SPECIFIC | reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
| SPECIFICTYPE | reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
| SPECIFIC_NAME | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| SQL | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| SQLCODE | reserved | ||||
| SQLERROR | reserved | ||||
| SQLEXCEPTION | reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
| SQLSTATE | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| SQLWARNING | reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
| SQRT | reserved | reserved | |||
| STABLE | non-reserved | ||||
| STANDALONE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| START | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| STATE | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | ||
| STATEMENT | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | |
| STATIC | reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
| STATISTICS | non-reserved | ||||
| STDDEV_POP | reserved | reserved | |||
| STDDEV_SAMP | reserved | reserved | |||
| STDIN | non-reserved | ||||
| STDOUT | non-reserved | ||||
| STORAGE | non-reserved | ||||
| STRICT | non-reserved | ||||
| STRIP | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| STRUCTURE | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | ||
| STYLE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| SUBCLASS_ORIGIN | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| SUBLIST | non-reserved | ||||
| SUBMULTISET | reserved | reserved | |||
| SUBSTRING | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | reserved |
| SUBSTRING_REGEX | reserved | ||||
| SUM | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | reserved | |
| SYMMETRIC | reserved | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | |
| SYSID | non-reserved | ||||
| SYSTEM | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | |
| SYSTEM_USER | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| T | non-reserved | ||||
| TABLE | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| TABLES | non-reserved | ||||
| TABLESAMPLE | reserved | reserved | |||
| TABLESPACE | non-reserved | ||||
| TABLE_NAME | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| TEMP | non-reserved | ||||
| TEMPLATE | non-reserved | ||||
| TEMPORARY | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
| TERMINATE | reserved | ||||
| TEXT | non-reserved | ||||
| THAN | reserved | ||||
| THEN | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| TIES | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
| TIME | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| TIMESTAMP | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| TIMEZONE_HOUR | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| TIMEZONE_MINUTE | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| TO | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| TOKEN | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
| TOP_LEVEL_COUNT | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
| TRAILING | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| TRANSACTION | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
| TRANSACTIONS_COMMITTED | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| TRANSACTIONS_ROLLED_BACK | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| TRANSACTION_ACTIVE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| TRANSFORM | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| TRANSFORMS | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| TRANSLATE | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | reserved | |
| TRANSLATE_REGEX | reserved | ||||
| TRANSLATION | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| TREAT | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| TRIGGER | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| TRIGGER_CATALOG | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| TRIGGER_NAME | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| TRIGGER_SCHEMA | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| TRIM | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | reserved |
| TRIM_ARRAY | reserved | ||||
| TRUE | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| TRUNCATE | non-reserved | reserved | |||
| TRUSTED | non-reserved | ||||
| TYPE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
| UESCAPE | reserved | reserved | |||
| UNBOUNDED | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| UNCOMMITTED | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
| UNDER | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | ||
| UNENCRYPTED | non-reserved | ||||
| UNION | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| UNIQUE | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| UNKNOWN | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| UNLINK | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
| UNLISTEN | non-reserved | ||||
| UNLOGGED | non-reserved | ||||
| UNNAMED | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| UNNEST | reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
| UNTIL | non-reserved | ||||
| UNTYPED | non-reserved | ||||
| UPDATE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| UPPER | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | reserved | |
| URI | non-reserved | ||||
| USAGE | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| USER | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| USER_DEFINED_TYPE_CATALOG | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| USER_DEFINED_TYPE_CODE | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
| USER_DEFINED_TYPE_NAME | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| USER_DEFINED_TYPE_SCHEMA | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| USING | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| VACUUM | non-reserved | ||||
| VALID | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
| VALIDATE | non-reserved | ||||
| VALIDATOR | non-reserved | ||||
| VALUE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| VALUES | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| VARBINARY | reserved | ||||
| VARCHAR | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| VARIABLE | reserved | ||||
| VARIADIC | reserved | ||||
| VARYING | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| VAR_POP | reserved | reserved | |||
| VAR_SAMP | reserved | reserved | |||
| VERBOSE | reserved (can be function or type) | ||||
| VERSION | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| VIEW | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
| VOLATILE | non-reserved | ||||
| WHEN | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| WHENEVER | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| WHERE | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| WHITESPACE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| WIDTH_BUCKET | reserved | reserved | |||
| WINDOW | reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
| WITH | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| WITHIN | reserved | reserved | |||
| WITHOUT | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| WORK | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
| WRAPPER | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| WRITE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
| XML | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
| XMLAGG | reserved | reserved | |||
| XMLATTRIBUTES | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | ||
| XMLBINARY | reserved | reserved | |||
| XMLCAST | reserved | ||||
| XMLCOMMENT | reserved | reserved | |||
| XMLCONCAT | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | ||
| XMLDECLARATION | non-reserved | ||||
| XMLDOCUMENT | reserved | ||||
| XMLELEMENT | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | ||
| XMLEXISTS | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | |||
| XMLFOREST | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | ||
| XMLITERATE | reserved | ||||
| XMLNAMESPACES | reserved | reserved | |||
| XMLPARSE | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | ||
| XMLPI | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | ||
| XMLQUERY | reserved | ||||
| XMLROOT | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | |||
| XMLSCHEMA | non-reserved | ||||
| XMLSERIALIZE | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | ||
| XMLTABLE | reserved | ||||
| XMLTEXT | reserved | ||||
| XMLVALIDATE | reserved | ||||
| YEAR | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| YES | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
| ZONE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |