PostgreSQL: Documentation: 8.0: Index

PostgreSQL 8.0.26 Documentation
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Symbols

$, Positional Parameters
$libdir, Dynamic Loading
*, Select-List Items
.pgpass, The Password File

A

ABORT, ABORT

add_missing_from configuration parameter, Previous PostgreSQL Versions

aggregate function, Aggregate Functions

built-in, Aggregate Functions
invocation, Aggregate Expressions
user-defined, User-Defined Aggregates

AIX

IPC configuration, Shared Memory and Semaphores

alias

for table name in query, Joins Between Tables
in the FROM clause, Table and Column Aliases
in the select list, Column Labels

ALL, Subquery Expressions, Row and Array Comparisons

ALTER AGGREGATE, ALTER AGGREGATE

ALTER CONVERSION, ALTER CONVERSION

ALTER DATABASE, ALTER DATABASE

ALTER DOMAIN, ALTER DOMAIN

ALTER FUNCTION, ALTER FUNCTION

ALTER GROUP, ALTER GROUP

ALTER INDEX, ALTER INDEX

ALTER LANGUAGE, ALTER LANGUAGE

ALTER OPERATOR, ALTER OPERATOR

ALTER OPERATOR CLASS, ALTER OPERATOR CLASS

ALTER SCHEMA, ALTER SCHEMA

ALTER SEQUENCE, ALTER SEQUENCE

ALTER TABLE, ALTER TABLE

ALTER TABLESPACE, ALTER TABLESPACE

ALTER TRIGGER, ALTER TRIGGER

ALTER TYPE, ALTER TYPE

ALTER USER, User Attributes, ALTER USER

ANALYZE, Updating planner statistics, ANALYZE

AND (operator), Logical Operators

any, Pseudo-Types, Aggregate Functions, Subquery Expressions, Row and Array Comparisons

anyarray, Pseudo-Types

anyelement, Pseudo-Types

archive_command configuration parameter, Archiving

ARRAY, Array Constructors, Arrays

constant, Array Value Input
constructor, Array Constructors
determination of result type, UNION, CASE, and ARRAY Constructs
of user-defined type, User-Defined Types

australian_timezones configuration parameter, Locale and Formatting

authentication_timeout configuration parameter, Security and Authentication

auto-increment

see serial

autocommit

bulk-loading data, Disable Autocommit
psql, Variables

average, Aggregate Functions, Aggregate Functions

B

B-tree

see index

backslash_quote configuration parameter, Previous PostgreSQL Versions

backup, System Administration Functions, Backup and Restore

base type, The PostgreSQL Type System

BEGIN, BEGIN

BETWEEN, Comparison Operators

bgwriter_delay configuration parameter, Background Writer

bgwriter_maxpages configuration parameter, Background Writer

bgwriter_percent configuration parameter, Background Writer

bigint, Numeric Constants, Integer Types

bigserial, Serial Types

binary data, Binary Data Types

functions, Binary String Functions and Operators

binary string

concatenation, Binary String Functions and Operators
length, Binary String Functions and Operators

bison, Requirements

bit string

constant, Bit-String Constants
data type, Bit String Types

bit strings

functions, Bit String Functions and Operators

bit_and, Aggregate Functions

bit_or, Aggregate Functions

BLOB

see large object

block_size configuration parameter, Preset Options

Boolean

data type, Boolean Type

operators

see operators, logical

bool_and, Aggregate Functions

bool_or, Aggregate Functions

booting

starting the server during, Starting the Database Server

box (data type), Boxes

BSD/OS

IPC configuration, Shared Memory and Semaphores
shared library, Compiling and Linking Dynamically-Loaded Functions

bytea, Binary Data Types

in libpq, Escaping Binary Strings for Inclusion in SQL Commands

C

C, libpq - C Library, ECPG - Embedded SQL in C

canceling

SQL command, Cancelling Queries in Progress

CASCADE

with DROP, Dependency Tracking
foreign key action, Foreign Keys

CASE, Conditional Expressions

determination of result type, UNION, CASE, and ARRAY Constructs

case sensitivity

of SQL commands, Identifiers and Key Words

char, Character Types

character, Character Types

character set, Locale and Formatting, Preset Options, Character Set Support

character string

concatenation, String Functions and Operators
constant, String Constants
data types, Character Types
length, String Functions and Operators

character varying, Character Types

check constraint, Check Constraints

checkpoint, WAL Configuration, CHECKPOINT

checkpoint_segments configuration parameter, Checkpoints

checkpoint_timeout configuration parameter, Checkpoints

checkpoint_warning configuration parameter, Checkpoints

check_function_bodies configuration parameter, Statement Behavior

cid, Object Identifier Types

cidr, cidr

circle, Circles

client authentication, Client Authentication

timeout during, Security and Authentication

client_encoding configuration parameter, Locale and Formatting

client_min_messages configuration parameter, When To Log

CLOSE, CLOSE

CLUSTER, CLUSTER

of databases

see database cluster

clusterdb, clusterdb

cmax, System Columns

cmin, System Columns

COALESCE, COALESCE

column, Concepts, Table Basics

adding, Adding a Column
removing, Removing a Column
renaming, Renaming a Column
system column, System Columns

column data type

changing, Changing a Column's Data Type

column reference, Column References

col_description, System Information Functions

COMMENT, COMMENT

about database objects, System Information Functions
in SQL, Comments

COMMIT, COMMIT

commit_delay configuration parameter, Settings

commit_siblings configuration parameter, Settings

comparison

operators, Comparison Operators
row-wise, Row and Array Comparisons
subquery result row, Subquery Expressions

compiling

libpq applications, Building libpq Programs

composite type, Composite Types, The PostgreSQL Type System

constant, Composite Value Input
constructor, Row Constructors

computed field, SQL Functions on Composite Types

concurrency, Concurrency Control

conditional expression, Conditional Expressions

configuration

of the server, Run-time Configuration

of the server

functions, System Administration Functions

configure, Installation Procedure

config_file configuration parameter, File Locations

conjunction, Logical Operators

constant, Constants

constraint, Constraints

adding, Adding a Constraint
check, Check Constraints
foreign key, Foreign Keys
name, Check Constraints
NOT NULL, Not-Null Constraints
primary key, Primary Keys
removing, Removing a Constraint
unique, Unique Constraints

COPY, Populating a Table With Rows, COPY

with libpq, Functions Associated with the COPY Command

count, Aggregate Functions

cpu_index_tuple_cost configuration parameter, Planner Cost Constants

cpu_operator_cost configuration parameter, Planner Cost Constants

cpu_tuple_cost configuration parameter, Planner Cost Constants

CREATE DATABASE, Creating a Database

CREATE AGGREGATE, CREATE AGGREGATE

CREATE CAST, CREATE CAST

CREATE CONSTRAINT, CREATE CONSTRAINT TRIGGER

CREATE CONVERSION, CREATE CONVERSION

CREATE DATABASE, CREATE DATABASE

CREATE DOMAIN, CREATE DOMAIN

CREATE FUNCTION, CREATE FUNCTION

CREATE GROUP, CREATE GROUP

CREATE INDEX, CREATE INDEX

CREATE LANGUAGE, CREATE LANGUAGE

CREATE OPERATOR, CREATE OPERATOR

CREATE OPERATOR CLASS, CREATE OPERATOR CLASS

CREATE RULE, CREATE RULE

CREATE SCHEMA, CREATE SCHEMA

CREATE SEQUENCE, CREATE SEQUENCE

CREATE TABLE, Creating a New Table, CREATE TABLE

CREATE TABLE AS, CREATE TABLE AS

CREATE TABLESPACE, Tablespaces, CREATE TABLESPACE

CREATE TRIGGER, CREATE TRIGGER

CREATE TYPE, CREATE TYPE

CREATE USER, Database Users, CREATE USER

CREATE VIEW, CREATE VIEW

createdb, Creating a Database, Creating a Database, createdb

createlang, createlang

createuser, Database Users, createuser

cross join, Joined Tables

crypt, Password authentication

thread safety, Behavior in Threaded Programs

cstring, Pseudo-Types

ctid, System Columns, View Rules in Non-SELECT Statements

currval, Sequence Manipulation Functions

cursor

CLOSE, CLOSE
DECLARE, DECLARE
FETCH, FETCH
in PL/pgSQL, Cursors
MOVE, MOVE
showing the query plan, EXPLAIN

custom_variable_classes configuration parameter, Customized Options

D

data area

see database cluster

data type, Data Types

base, The PostgreSQL Type System
category, Overview
composite, The PostgreSQL Type System
constant, Constants of Other Types
conversion, Type Conversion
internal organisation, Base Types in C-Language Functions
numeric, Numeric Types
type cast, Type Casts
user-defined, User-Defined Types

database, Managing Databases

creating, Creating a Database
privilege to create, User Attributes

database activity

monitoring, Monitoring Database Activity

database cluster, Concepts, Creating a Database Cluster

data_directory configuration parameter, File Locations

date, Date/Time Types, Dates

constants, Special Values

current, Current Date/Time

output format, Date/Time Output

see also formatting

DateStyle configuration parameter, Locale and Formatting

DBI, Database Access from PL/Perl

db_user_namespace configuration parameter, Security and Authentication

deadlock, Deadlocks

timeout during, Lock Management

deadlock_timeout configuration parameter, Lock Management

DEALLOCATE, DEALLOCATE

debug_assertions configuration parameter, Developer Options

debug_pretty_print configuration parameter, What To Log

debug_print_parse configuration parameter, What To Log

debug_print_plan configuration parameter, What To Log

debug_print_rewritten configuration parameter, What To Log

debug_shared_buffers configuration parameter, Developer Options

decimal

see numeric

DECLARE, DECLARE

default value, Default Values

changing, Changing a Column's Default Value

default_statistics_target configuration parameter, Other Planner Options

default_tablespace configuration parameter, Statement Behavior

default_transaction_isolation configuration parameter, Statement Behavior

default_transaction_read_only configuration parameter, Statement Behavior

default_with_oids configuration parameter, Previous PostgreSQL Versions

DELETE, Deletions, Deleting Data, DELETE

deleting, Deleting Data

Digital UNIX

see Tru64 UNIX

dirty read, Transaction Isolation

disjunction, Logical Operators

disk drive, Internals

disk space, Recovering disk space

disk usage, Determining Disk Usage

DISTINCT, Querying a Table, DISTINCT

dollar quoting, Dollar-Quoted String Constants

double precision, Floating-Point Types

DROP AGGREGATE, DROP AGGREGATE

DROP CAST, DROP CAST

DROP CONVERSION, DROP CONVERSION

DROP DATABASE, Destroying a Database, DROP DATABASE

DROP DOMAIN, DROP DOMAIN

DROP FUNCTION, DROP FUNCTION

DROP GROUP, DROP GROUP

DROP INDEX, DROP INDEX

DROP LANGUAGE, DROP LANGUAGE

DROP OPERATOR, DROP OPERATOR

DROP OPERATOR CLASS, DROP OPERATOR CLASS

DROP RULE, DROP RULE

DROP SCHEMA, DROP SCHEMA

DROP SEQUENCE, DROP SEQUENCE

DROP TABLE, Creating a New Table, DROP TABLE

DROP TABLESPACE, DROP TABLESPACE

DROP TRIGGER, DROP TRIGGER

DROP TYPE, DROP TYPE

DROP USER, Database Users, DROP USER

DROP VIEW, DROP VIEW

dropdb, Destroying a Database, dropdb

droplang, droplang

dropuser, Database Users, dropuser

duplicate, Querying a Table

duplicates, DISTINCT

dynamic loading, Other Defaults, Dynamic Loading

dynamic_library_path, Dynamic Loading

dynamic_library_path configuration parameter, Other Defaults

E

ECPG, ECPG - Embedded SQL in C, ecpg

effective_cache_size configuration parameter, Planner Cost Constants

elog, Reporting Errors Within the Server

in PL/Perl, Database Access from PL/Perl
in PL/Python, Database Access
in PL/Tcl, Database Access from PL/Tcl

embedded SQL

in C, ECPG - Embedded SQL in C

enable_hashagg configuration parameter, Planner Method Configuration

enable_hashjoin configuration parameter, Planner Method Configuration

enable_indexscan configuration parameter, Planner Method Configuration

enable_mergejoin configuration parameter, Planner Method Configuration

enable_nestloop configuration parameter, Planner Method Configuration

enable_seqscan configuration parameter, Planner Method Configuration

enable_sort configuration parameter, Planner Method Configuration

enable_tidscan configuration parameter, Planner Method Configuration

encryption, Encryption Options

END, END

environment variable, Environment Variables

ereport, Reporting Errors Within the Server

error codes

libpq, Main Functions
list of, PostgreSQL Error Codes

error message, Connection Status Functions

escaping strings, Escaping Strings for Inclusion in SQL Commands

every, Aggregate Functions

EXCEPT, Combining Queries

EXECUTE, EXECUTE

EXISTS, Subquery Expressions

EXPLAIN, Using EXPLAIN, EXPLAIN

explain_pretty_print configuration parameter, Other Defaults

expression

order of evaluation, Expression Evaluation Rules
syntax, Value Expressions

extending SQL, Extending SQL

extensions, Extensions

external_pid_file configuration parameter, File Locations

extra_float_digits configuration parameter, Locale and Formatting

F

false, Boolean Type

FAQ, Further Information

fast path, The Fast-Path Interface

FETCH, FETCH

field

computed, SQL Functions on Composite Types

field selection, Field Selection

flex, Requirements

float4

see real

float8

see double precision

floating point, Floating-Point Types

floating-point

display, Locale and Formatting

foreign key, Foreign Keys, Foreign Keys

formatting, Data Type Formatting Functions

format_type, System Information Functions

FreeBSD

IPC configuration, Shared Memory and Semaphores
shared library, Compiling and Linking Dynamically-Loaded Functions
start script, Starting the Database Server

FROM

missing, Previous PostgreSQL Versions

from_collapse_limit configuration parameter, Other Planner Options

fsync, Benefits of WAL

fsync configuration parameter, Settings

function, Functions and Operators

in the FROM clause, Table Functions

internal, Internal Functions

invocation, Function Calls

polymorphic, Polymorphic Types

type resolution in an invocation, Functions

user-defined, User-Defined Functions

in C, Query Language (SQL) Functions
in SQL, Query Language (SQL) Functions

G

genetic query optimization, Genetic Query Optimizer

GEQO

see genetic query optimization

geqo configuration parameter, Genetic Query Optimizer

geqo_effort configuration parameter, Genetic Query Optimizer

geqo_generations configuration parameter, Genetic Query Optimizer

geqo_pool_size configuration parameter, Genetic Query Optimizer

geqo_selection_bias configuration parameter, Genetic Query Optimizer

geqo_threshold configuration parameter, Genetic Query Optimizer

get_bit, Binary String Functions and Operators

get_byte, Binary String Functions and Operators

GiST

see index

global data

in PL/Python, PL/Python Functions
in PL/Tcl, Global Data in PL/Tcl

GRANT, Privileges, GRANT

group, Groups

GROUP BY, Aggregate Functions, The GROUP BY and HAVING Clauses

grouping, The GROUP BY and HAVING Clauses

H

hash

see index

has_database_privilege, System Information Functions

has_function_privilege, System Information Functions

has_language_privilege, System Information Functions

has_schema_privilege, System Information Functions

has_tablespace_privilege, System Information Functions

has_table_privilege, System Information Functions

HAVING, Aggregate Functions, The GROUP BY and HAVING Clauses

hba_file configuration parameter, File Locations

hierarchical database, Concepts

history

of PostgreSQL, A Brief History of PostgreSQL

host name, Database Connection Control Functions

HP-UX

IPC configuration, Shared Memory and Semaphores
shared library, Compiling and Linking Dynamically-Loaded Functions

I

ident, Ident-based authentication

identifier

length, Identifiers and Key Words
syntax of, Identifiers and Key Words

ident_file configuration parameter, File Locations

IMMUTABLE, Function Volatility Categories

IN, Subquery Expressions, Row and Array Comparisons

index, Indexes

B-tree, Index Types
examining usage, Examining Index Usage
on expressions, Indexes on Expressions
for user-defined data type, Interfacing Extensions To Indexes
GiST, Introduction
hash, Index Types
locks, Locking and Indexes
multicolumn, Multicolumn Indexes
partial, Partial Indexes
R-tree, Index Types
unique, Unique Indexes

index scan, Planner Method Configuration

inet (data type), inet

inet_client_addr, System Information Functions

inet_client_port, System Information Functions

inet_server_addr, System Information Functions

inet_server_port, System Information Functions

information schema, The Information Schema

inheritance, Inheritance, Previous PostgreSQL Versions

initdb, Creating a Database Cluster, initdb

input function, User-Defined Types

of a data type, User-Defined Types

INSERT, Populating a Table With Rows, Inserting Data, INSERT

inserting, Inserting Data

installation, Installation Instructions

on Windows, Requirements, Client-Only Installation on Windows

instr, Porting Examples

int2

see smallint

int4

see integer

int8

see bigint

integer, Numeric Constants, Integer Types

integer_datetimes configuration parameter, Preset Options

interfaces, Externally Developed Interfaces

internal, Pseudo-Types

INTERSECT, Combining Queries

interval, Date/Time Types, Intervals

ipcclean, ipcclean

IRIX

shared library, Compiling and Linking Dynamically-Loaded Functions

IS DISTINCT FROM, Comparison Operators, Row and Array Comparisons

IS FALSE, Comparison Operators

IS NOT FALSE, Comparison Operators

IS NOT NULL, Comparison Operators, Row and Array Comparisons

IS NOT TRUE, Comparison Operators

IS NOT UNKNOWN, Comparison Operators

IS NULL, Comparison Operators, Row and Array Comparisons, Platform and Client Compatibility

IS TRUE, Comparison Operators

IS UNKNOWN, Comparison Operators

ISNULL, Comparison Operators

J

join, Joins Between Tables, Joined Tables

controlling the order, Controlling the Planner with Explicit JOIN Clauses
cross, Joined Tables
left, Joined Tables
natural, Joined Tables
outer, Joins Between Tables, Joined Tables
right, Joined Tables
self, Joins Between Tables

join_collapse_limit configuration parameter, Other Planner Options

K

Kerberos, Kerberos authentication

key word

list of, SQL Key Words
syntax of, Identifiers and Key Words

krb_server_keyfile configuration parameter, Security and Authentication

L

label

see alias

language_handler, Pseudo-Types

large object

backup, Caveats

large object, Large Objects

lc_collate configuration parameter, Preset Options

lc_ctype configuration parameter, Preset Options

lc_messages configuration parameter, Locale and Formatting

lc_monetary configuration parameter, Locale and Formatting

lc_numeric configuration parameter, Locale and Formatting

lc_time configuration parameter, Locale and Formatting

ldconfig, Shared Libraries

left join, Joined Tables

length

of a binary string

see binary strings, length

of a character string

see character strings, length

libperl, Requirements

libpq, libpq - C Library

libpq-fe.h, libpq - C Library, Connection Status Functions

libpq-int.h, Connection Status Functions, Building libpq Programs

libpython, Requirements

LIKE, LIKE

and locales, Behavior

LIMIT, LIMIT and OFFSET

line segment, Line Segments

Linux

IPC configuration, Shared Memory and Semaphores
shared library, Compiling and Linking Dynamically-Loaded Functions
start script, Starting the Database Server

LISTEN, LISTEN

listen_addresses configuration parameter, Connection Settings

LOAD, LOAD

locale, Creating a Database Cluster, Locale Support

lock, Explicit Locking, Table-Level Locks, LOCK

monitoring, Viewing Locks

log_connections configuration parameter, What To Log

log_destination configuration parameter, Where to log

log_directory configuration parameter, Where to log

log_disconnections configuration parameter, What To Log

log_duration configuration parameter, What To Log

log_error_verbosity configuration parameter, When To Log

log_executor_stats configuration parameter, Statistics Monitoring

log_filename configuration parameter, Where to log

log_hostname configuration parameter, What To Log

log_line_prefix configuration parameter, What To Log

log_min_duration_statement configuration parameter, When To Log

log_min_error_statement configuration parameter, When To Log

log_min_messages configuration parameter, When To Log

log_parser_stats configuration parameter, Statistics Monitoring

log_planner_stats configuration parameter, Statistics Monitoring

log_rotation_age configuration parameter, Where to log

log_rotation_size configuration parameter, Where to log

log_statement configuration parameter, What To Log

log_statement_stats configuration parameter, Statistics Monitoring

log_truncate_on_rotation configuration parameter, Where to log

loop

in PL/pgSQL, Simple Loops

lo_close, Closing a Large Object Descriptor

lo_creat, Creating a Large Object, Server-Side Functions

lo_export, Exporting a Large Object, Server-Side Functions

lo_import, Importing a Large Object, Server-Side Functions

lo_lseek, Seeking in a Large Object

lo_open, Opening an Existing Large Object

lo_read, Reading Data from a Large Object

lo_tell, Obtaining the Seek Position of a Large Object

lo_unlink, Removing a Large Object, Server-Side Functions

lo_write, Writing Data to a Large Object

lseg, Line Segments

M

MAC address

see macaddr

macaddr (data type), macaddr

MacOS X

IPC configuration, Shared Memory and Semaphores
shared library, Compiling and Linking Dynamically-Loaded Functions

maintenance, Routine Database Maintenance Tasks

maintenance_work_mem configuration parameter, Memory

make, Requirements

MANPATH, Environment Variables

max, Aggregate Functions

max_connections configuration parameter, Connection Settings

max_files_per_process configuration parameter, Kernel Resource Usage

max_fsm_pages configuration parameter, Free Space Map

max_fsm_relations configuration parameter, Free Space Map

max_function_args configuration parameter, Preset Options

max_identifier_length configuration parameter, Preset Options

max_index_keys configuration parameter, Preset Options

max_locks_per_transaction configuration parameter, Lock Management

max_stack_depth configuration parameter, Memory

MD5, Password authentication

memory context

in SPI, Memory Management

min, Aggregate Functions

monitoring

database activity, Monitoring Database Activity

MOVE, MOVE

MVCC, Introduction

N

name

qualified, Creating a Schema
syntax of, Identifiers and Key Words
unqualified, The Schema Search Path

natural join, Joined Tables

negation, Logical Operators

NetBSD

IPC configuration, Shared Memory and Semaphores
shared library, Compiling and Linking Dynamically-Loaded Functions
start script, Starting the Database Server

network

data types, Network Address Types

nextval, Sequence Manipulation Functions

nonblocking connection, Database Connection Control Functions, Asynchronous Command Processing

nonrepeatable read, Transaction Isolation

NOT (operator), Logical Operators

NOT IN, Subquery Expressions, Row and Array Comparisons

not-null constraint, Not-Null Constraints

notice processing

in libpq, Notice Processing

notice processor, Notice Processing

notice receiver, Notice Processing

NOTIFY, NOTIFY

in libpq, Asynchronous Notification

NOTNULL, Comparison Operators

null value

with check constraints, Check Constraints
comparing, Comparison Operators
default value, Default Values
in DISTINCT, DISTINCT
in libpq, Retrieving Query Result Information
in PL/Perl, PL/Perl Functions and Arguments
in PL/Python, PL/Python Functions
with unique constraints, Unique Constraints

NULLIF, NULLIF

number

constant, Numeric Constants

numeric, Numeric Constants

numeric (data type), Arbitrary Precision Numbers

O

object identifier

data type, Object Identifier Types

object-oriented database, Concepts

obj_description, System Information Functions

OFFSET, LIMIT and OFFSET

oid, Object Identifier Types

column, System Columns
in libpq, Retrieving Result Information for Other Commands

on-line backup, Backup and Restore

ONLY, The FROM Clause

opaque, Pseudo-Types

OpenBSD

IPC configuration, Shared Memory and Semaphores
shared library, Compiling and Linking Dynamically-Loaded Functions
start script, Starting the Database Server

OpenSSL, Installation Procedure

see also SSL

operator, Functions and Operators

invocation, Operator Invocations
logical, Logical Operators
precedence, Lexical Precedence
syntax, Operators
type resolution in an invocation, Operators
user-defined, User-Defined Operators

operator class, Operator Classes, Index Methods and Operator Classes

OR (operator), Logical Operators

Oracle

porting from PL/SQL to PL/pgSQL, Porting from Oracle PL/SQL

ORDER BY, Querying a Table, Sorting Rows

and locales, Behavior

ordering operator, System Dependencies on Operator Classes

outer join, Joined Tables

output function

of a data type, User-Defined Types

output function, User-Defined Types

overlay, String Functions and Operators

overloading

functions, Function Overloading
operators, User-Defined Operators

owner, Privileges

P

palloc, Writing Code

PAM, Installation Procedure, PAM authentication

parameter

syntax, Positional Parameters

parenthesis, Value Expressions

password, User Attributes

authentication, Password authentication
of the superuser, Creating a Database Cluster

password file, The Password File

password_encryption configuration parameter, Security and Authentication

PATH, Environment Variables

for schemas, Statement Behavior

path (data type), Paths

pattern matching, Pattern Matching

performance, Performance Tips

Perl, PL/Perl - Perl Procedural Language

permission

see privilege

pfree, Writing Code

PGcancel, Cancelling Queries in Progress

PGCLIENTENCODING, Environment Variables

PGconn, Database Connection Control Functions

PGCONNECT_TIMEOUT, Environment Variables

PGDATA, Creating a Database Cluster

PGDATABASE, Environment Variables

PGDATESTYLE, Environment Variables

PGGEQO, Environment Variables

PGHOST, Environment Variables

PGHOSTADDR, Environment Variables

PGLOCALEDIR, Environment Variables

PGOPTIONS, Environment Variables

PGPASSWORD, Environment Variables

PGPORT, Environment Variables

PGREALM, Environment Variables

PGREQUIRESSL, Environment Variables

PGresult, Main Functions

PGSERVICE, Environment Variables

PGSSLMODE, Environment Variables

PGSYSCONFDIR, Environment Variables

PGTZ, Environment Variables

PGUSER, Environment Variables

pgxs, Extension Building Infrastructure

pg_aggregate, pg_aggregate

pg_am, pg_am

pg_amop, pg_amop

pg_amproc, pg_amproc

pg_attrdef, pg_attrdef

pg_attribute, pg_attribute

pg_cancel_backend, System Administration Functions

pg_cast, pg_cast

pg_class, pg_class

pg_config, pg_config

with libpq, Building libpq Programs
with user-defined C functions, Writing Code

pg_constraint, pg_constraint

pg_controldata, pg_controldata

pg_conversion, pg_conversion

pg_conversion_is_visible, System Information Functions

pg_ctl, Starting the Database Server, pg_ctl

pg_database, Template Databases, pg_database

pg_depend, pg_depend

pg_description, pg_description

pg_dump, pg_dump

pg_dumpall, pg_dumpall

use during upgrade, If You Are Upgrading

pg_function_is_visible, System Information Functions

pg_get_constraintdef, System Information Functions

pg_get_expr, System Information Functions

pg_get_indexdef, System Information Functions

pg_get_ruledef, System Information Functions

pg_get_serial_sequence, System Information Functions

pg_get_triggerdef, System Information Functions

pg_get_userbyid, System Information Functions

pg_get_viewdef, System Information Functions

pg_group, pg_group

pg_hba.conf, The pg_hba.conf file

pg_ident.conf, Ident Maps

pg_index, pg_index

pg_indexes, pg_indexes

pg_inherits, pg_inherits

pg_language, pg_language

pg_largeobject, pg_largeobject

pg_listener, pg_listener

pg_locks, pg_locks

pg_namespace, pg_namespace

pg_opclass, pg_opclass

pg_opclass_is_visible, System Information Functions

pg_operator, pg_operator

pg_operator_is_visible, System Information Functions

pg_proc, pg_proc

pg_restore, pg_restore

pg_rewrite, pg_rewrite

pg_rules, pg_rules

pg_settings, pg_settings

pg_shadow, pg_shadow

pg_start_backup, System Administration Functions

pg_statistic, Statistics Used by the Planner, pg_statistic

pg_stats, Statistics Used by the Planner, pg_stats

pg_stop_backup, System Administration Functions

pg_tables, pg_tables

pg_tablespace, pg_tablespace

pg_tablespace_databases, System Information Functions

pg_table_is_visible, System Information Functions

pg_trigger, pg_trigger

pg_type, pg_type

pg_type_is_visible, System Information Functions

pg_user, pg_user

pg_views, pg_views

phantom read, Transaction Isolation

PIC, Compiling and Linking Dynamically-Loaded Functions

PID

determining PID of server process

in libpq, Connection Status Functions

PITR, Backup and Restore

PL/Perl, PL/Perl - Perl Procedural Language

PL/PerlU, Trusted and Untrusted PL/Perl

PL/pgSQL, PL/pgSQL - SQL Procedural Language

PL/Python, PL/Python - Python Procedural Language

PL/SQL (Oracle)

porting to PL/pgSQL, Porting from Oracle PL/SQL

PL/Tcl, PL/Tcl - Tcl Procedural Language

point, Points

point-in-time recovery, Backup and Restore

polygon, Polygons

polymorphic function, Polymorphic Types

polymorphic type, Polymorphic Types

port, Database Connection Control Functions

port configuration parameter, Connection Settings

POSTGRES, The Berkeley POSTGRES Project

postgres (the program), postgres

postgres user, The PostgreSQL User Account

Postgres95, Postgres95

postgresql.conf, Run-time Configuration

postmaster, Architectural Fundamentals, Starting the Database Server, postmaster

PQbackendPID, Connection Status Functions

PQbinaryTuples, Retrieving Query Result Information

with COPY, Functions Associated with the COPY Command

PQcancel, Cancelling Queries in Progress

PQclear, Main Functions

PQcmdStatus, Retrieving Result Information for Other Commands

PQcmdTuples, Retrieving Result Information for Other Commands

PQconndefaults, Database Connection Control Functions

PQconnectdb, Database Connection Control Functions

PQconnectPoll, Database Connection Control Functions

PQconnectStart, Database Connection Control Functions

PQconsumeInput, Asynchronous Command Processing

PQdb, Connection Status Functions

PQendcopy, Obsolete Functions for COPY

PQerrorMessage, Connection Status Functions

PQescapeBytea, Escaping Binary Strings for Inclusion in SQL Commands

PQescapeByteaConn, Escaping Binary Strings for Inclusion in SQL Commands

PQescapeString, Escaping Strings for Inclusion in SQL Commands

PQescapeStringConn, Escaping Strings for Inclusion in SQL Commands

PQexec, Main Functions

PQexecParams, Main Functions

PQexecPrepared, Main Functions

PQfformat, Retrieving Query Result Information

with COPY, Functions Associated with the COPY Command

PQfinish, Database Connection Control Functions

PQflush, Asynchronous Command Processing

PQfmod, Retrieving Query Result Information

PQfn, The Fast-Path Interface

PQfname, Retrieving Query Result Information

PQfnumber, Retrieving Query Result Information

PQfreeCancel, Cancelling Queries in Progress

PQfreemem, Escaping Binary Strings for Inclusion in SQL Commands

PQfsize, Retrieving Query Result Information

PQftable, Retrieving Query Result Information

PQftablecol, Retrieving Query Result Information

PQftype, Retrieving Query Result Information

PQgetCancel, Cancelling Queries in Progress

PQgetCopyData, Functions for Receiving COPY Data

PQgetisnull, Retrieving Query Result Information

PQgetlength, Retrieving Query Result Information

PQgetline, Obsolete Functions for COPY

PQgetlineAsync, Obsolete Functions for COPY

PQgetResult, Asynchronous Command Processing

PQgetssl, Connection Status Functions

PQgetvalue, Retrieving Query Result Information

PQhost, Connection Status Functions

PQisBusy, Asynchronous Command Processing

PQisnonblocking, Asynchronous Command Processing

PQmakeEmptyPGresult, Main Functions

PQnfields, Retrieving Query Result Information

with COPY, Functions Associated with the COPY Command

PQnotifies, Asynchronous Notification

PQntuples, Retrieving Query Result Information

PQoidStatus, Retrieving Result Information for Other Commands

PQoidValue, Retrieving Result Information for Other Commands

PQoptions, Connection Status Functions

PQparameterStatus, Connection Status Functions

PQpass, Connection Status Functions

PQport, Connection Status Functions

PQprepare, Main Functions

PQprint, Retrieving Query Result Information

PQprotocolVersion, Connection Status Functions

PQputCopyData, Functions for Sending COPY Data

PQputCopyEnd, Functions for Sending COPY Data

PQputline, Obsolete Functions for COPY

PQputnbytes, Obsolete Functions for COPY

PQrequestCancel, Cancelling Queries in Progress

PQreset, Database Connection Control Functions

PQresetPoll, Database Connection Control Functions

PQresetStart, Database Connection Control Functions

PQresStatus, Main Functions

PQresultErrorField, Main Functions

PQresultErrorMessage, Main Functions

PQresultStatus, Main Functions

PQsendPrepare, Asynchronous Command Processing

PQsendQuery, Asynchronous Command Processing

PQsendQueryParams, Asynchronous Command Processing

PQsendQueryPrepared, Asynchronous Command Processing

PQserverVersion, Connection Status Functions

PQsetdb, Database Connection Control Functions

PQsetdbLogin, Database Connection Control Functions

PQsetErrorVerbosity, Control Functions

PQsetnonblocking, Asynchronous Command Processing

PQsetNoticeProcessor, Notice Processing

PQsetNoticeReceiver, Notice Processing

PQsocket, Connection Status Functions

PQstatus, Connection Status Functions

PQtrace, Control Functions

PQtransactionStatus, Connection Status Functions

PQtty, Connection Status Functions

PQunescapeBytea, Escaping Binary Strings for Inclusion in SQL Commands

PQuntrace, Control Functions

PQuser, Connection Status Functions

predicate locking, Serializable Isolation versus True Serializability

preload_libraries configuration parameter, Kernel Resource Usage

PREPARE, PREPARE

prepared statements

creating, PREPARE
executing, EXECUTE
removing, DEALLOCATE
showing the query plan, EXPLAIN

preparing a query

in PL/Tcl, Database Access from PL/Tcl
in PL/pgSQL, Overview
in PL/Python, Database Access

pre_auth_delay configuration parameter, Developer Options

primary key, Primary Keys

privilege, Privileges, Privileges

querying, System Information Functions
with rules, Rules and Privileges
for schemas, Schemas and Privileges
with views, Rules and Privileges

procedural language, Procedural Languages

handler for, Writing A Procedural Language Handler

ps

to monitor activity, Standard Unix Tools

psql, Accessing a Database, psql

Python, PL/Python - Python Procedural Language

Q

qualified name, Creating a Schema

query, Querying a Table, Queries

query plan, Using EXPLAIN

query tree, The Query Tree

quotation marks

and identifiers, Identifiers and Key Words
escaping, String Constants

quote_ident, String Functions and Operators

use in PL/pgSQL, Executing Dynamic Commands

quote_literal, String Functions and Operators

use in PL/pgSQL, Executing Dynamic Commands

R

R-tree

see index

random_page_cost configuration parameter, Planner Cost Constants

range table, The Query Tree

read-only transaction, Statement Behavior

readline, Requirements

real, Floating-Point Types

record, Pseudo-Types

rectangle, Boxes

redirect_stderr configuration parameter, Where to log

referential integrity, Foreign Keys, Foreign Keys

regclass, Object Identifier Types

regex_flavor configuration parameter, Previous PostgreSQL Versions

regoper, Object Identifier Types

regoperator, Object Identifier Types

regproc, Object Identifier Types

regprocedure, Object Identifier Types

regression test, Installation Procedure

regression tests, Regression Tests

regtype, Object Identifier Types

regular expression, SIMILAR TO Regular Expressions, POSIX Regular Expressions

see also pattern matching

regular expressions, Previous PostgreSQL Versions

reindex, Routine Reindexing, REINDEX

relation, Concepts

relational database, Concepts

RELEASE SAVEPOINT, RELEASE SAVEPOINT

rendezvous_name configuration parameter, Connection Settings

RESET, RESET

RESTRICT

with DROP, Dependency Tracking
foreign key action, Foreign Keys

REVOKE, Privileges, REVOKE

right join, Joined Tables

ROLLBACK, ROLLBACK

ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT, ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT

row, Concepts, Row Constructors, Table Basics

row type, Composite Types

constructor, Row Constructors

rule, The Rule System

and views, Views and the Rule System
for DELETE, Rules on INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE
for INSERT, Rules on INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE
for SELECT, How SELECT Rules Work
compared with triggers, Rules versus Triggers
for UPDATE, Rules on INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE

S

SAVEPOINT, SAVEPOINT

savepoints

defining, SAVEPOINT
releasing, RELEASE SAVEPOINT
rolling back, ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT

scalar

see expression

schema, Schemas, Overview

creating, Creating a Schema
current, The Schema Search Path, System Information Functions
public, The Public Schema
removing, Creating a Schema

SCO OpenServer

IPC configuration, Shared Memory and Semaphores

search path, The Schema Search Path

current, System Information Functions

search_path, The Schema Search Path

search_path configuration parameter, Statement Behavior

SELECT, Querying a Table, Queries, SELECT

select list, Select Lists

SELECT INTO, SELECT INTO

in PL/pgSQL, SELECT INTO

semaphores, Shared Memory and Semaphores

sequence, Sequence Manipulation Functions

and serial type, Serial Types

sequential scan, Planner Method Configuration

serial, Serial Types

serial4, Serial Types

serial8, Serial Types

serializability, Serializable Isolation versus True Serializability

server log, Error Reporting and Logging

log file maintenance, Log File Maintenance

server_encoding configuration parameter, Preset Options

server_version configuration parameter, Preset Options

SET, System Administration Functions, SET

SET CONSTRAINTS, SET CONSTRAINTS

set difference, Combining Queries

set intersection, Combining Queries

set operation, Combining Queries

set returning functions

functions, Set Returning Functions

SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION, SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION

SET TRANSACTION, SET TRANSACTION

set union, Combining Queries

SETOF, Query Language (SQL) Functions

setval, Sequence Manipulation Functions

set_bit, Binary String Functions and Operators

set_byte, Binary String Functions and Operators

shared library, Shared Libraries, Compiling and Linking Dynamically-Loaded Functions

shared memory, Shared Memory and Semaphores

shared_buffers configuration parameter, Memory

SHMMAX, Shared Memory and Semaphores

SHOW, System Administration Functions, SHOW

shutdown, Shutting Down the Server

SIGHUP, Run-time Configuration, The pg_hba.conf file, Ident Maps

SIGINT, Shutting Down the Server

signal

backend processes, System Administration Functions

significant digits, Locale and Formatting

SIGQUIT, Shutting Down the Server

SIGTERM, Shutting Down the Server

silent_mode configuration parameter, When To Log

sliced bread

see TOAST

smallint, Integer Types

Solaris

IPC configuration, Shared Memory and Semaphores
shared library, Compiling and Linking Dynamically-Loaded Functions
start script, Starting the Database Server

SOME, Aggregate Functions, Subquery Expressions, Row and Array Comparisons

sorting, Sorting Rows

SPI, Server Programming Interface

SPI_connect, SPI_connect

SPI_copytuple, SPI_copytuple

SPI_cursor_close, SPI_cursor_close

SPI_cursor_fetch, SPI_cursor_fetch

SPI_cursor_find, SPI_cursor_find

SPI_cursor_move, SPI_cursor_move

SPI_cursor_open, SPI_cursor_open

SPI_exec, SPI_exec

SPI_execp, SPI_execp

SPI_execute, SPI_execute

SPI_execute_plan, SPI_execute_plan

spi_exec_query

in PL/Perl, Database Access from PL/Perl

SPI_finish, SPI_finish

SPI_fname, SPI_fname

SPI_fnumber, SPI_fnumber

SPI_freeplan, SPI_freeplan

SPI_freetuple, SPI_freetuple

SPI_freetuptable, SPI_freetuptable

SPI_getargcount, SPI_getargcount

SPI_getargtypeid, SPI_getargtypeid

SPI_getbinval, SPI_getbinval

SPI_getrelname, SPI_getrelname

SPI_gettype, SPI_gettype

SPI_gettypeid, SPI_gettypeid

SPI_getvalue, SPI_getvalue

SPI_is_cursor_plan, SPI_is_cursor_plan

spi_lastoid, Database Access from PL/Tcl

SPI_modifytuple, SPI_modifytuple

SPI_palloc, SPI_palloc

SPI_pfree, SPI_pfree

SPI_pop, SPI_pop

SPI_prepare, SPI_prepare

SPI_push, SPI_push

SPI_repalloc, SPI_repalloc

SPI_returntuple, SPI_returntuple

SPI_saveplan, SPI_saveplan

sql_inheritance configuration parameter, Previous PostgreSQL Versions

ssh, Secure TCP/IP Connections with SSH Tunnels

SSL, Secure TCP/IP Connections with SSL, SSL Support

with libpq, Database Connection Control Functions, Connection Status Functions

ssl configuration parameter, Security and Authentication

ssl_renegotiation_limit configuration parameter, Security and Authentication

STABLE, Function Volatility Categories

standard deviation, Aggregate Functions

START TRANSACTION, START TRANSACTION

statement_timeout configuration parameter, Statement Behavior

statistics, The Statistics Collector

of the planner, Statistics Used by the Planner, Updating planner statistics

stats_block_level configuration parameter, Query and Index Statistics Collector

stats_command_string configuration parameter, Query and Index Statistics Collector

stats_reset_on_server_start configuration parameter, Query and Index Statistics Collector

stats_row_level configuration parameter, Query and Index Statistics Collector

stats_start_collector configuration parameter, Query and Index Statistics Collector

string

see character string

strings

backslash quotes, Previous PostgreSQL Versions

subquery, Aggregate Functions, Scalar Subqueries, Subqueries, Subquery Expressions

subscript, Subscripts

substring, String Functions and Operators, Binary String Functions and Operators, SIMILAR TO Regular Expressions

sum, Aggregate Functions

superuser, Accessing a Database, User Attributes

superuser_reserved_connections configuration parameter, Connection Settings

syntax

SQL, SQL Syntax

syslog_facility configuration parameter, Where to log

syslog_identity configuration parameter, Where to log

system catalog

schema, The System Catalog Schema

T

table, Concepts, Table Basics

creating, Table Basics
modifying, Modifying Tables
removing, Table Basics
renaming, Renaming a Table

table expression, Table Expressions

table function, Table Functions

tableoid, System Columns

tablespace, Tablespaces

default, Statement Behavior

target list, The Query Tree

Tcl, PL/Tcl - Tcl Procedural Language

template0, Template Databases

template1, Creating a Database, Template Databases

test, Regression Tests

text, Character Types

threads

with libpq, Behavior in Threaded Programs

tid, Object Identifier Types

time, Date/Time Types, Times

constants, Special Values

current, Current Date/Time

output format, Date/Time Output

see also formatting

time span, Date/Time Types

time with time zone, Date/Time Types, Times

time without time zone, Date/Time Types, Times

time zone, Time Zones, Locale and Formatting

Australian, Locale and Formatting
configuration names, Date/Time Key Words
conversion, AT TIME ZONE
input abbreviations, Date/Time Key Words

timelines, Backup and Restore

timeout

client authentication, Security and Authentication
deadlock, Lock Management

timestamp, Date/Time Types, Time Stamps

timestamp with time zone, Date/Time Types, Time Stamps

timestamp without time zone, Date/Time Types, Time Stamps

timezone configuration parameter, Locale and Formatting

TOAST, TOAST

and user-defined types, User-Defined Types
per-column storage settings, Description
versus large objects, History

token, Lexical Structure

to_char, Data Type Formatting Functions

trace_notify configuration parameter, Developer Options

transaction, Transactions

transaction ID

wraparound, Preventing transaction ID wraparound failures

transaction isolation, Transaction Isolation

transaction isolation level, Transaction Isolation, Statement Behavior

read committed, Read Committed Isolation Level
serializable, Serializable Isolation Level

transaction log

see WAL

transform_null_equals configuration parameter, Platform and Client Compatibility

trigger, Pseudo-Types, Triggers

arguments for trigger functions, Overview of Trigger Behavior
in C, Writing Trigger Functions in C
in PL/pgSQL, Trigger Procedures
in PL/Python, Trigger Functions
in PL/Tcl, Trigger Procedures in PL/Tcl
compared with rules, Rules versus Triggers

Tru64 UNIX

shared library, Compiling and Linking Dynamically-Loaded Functions

true, Boolean Type

TRUNCATE, TRUNCATE

trusted

PL/Perl, Trusted and Untrusted PL/Perl

type

see data type
polymorphic, Polymorphic Types

type cast, Numeric Constants, Type Casts

U

UNION, Combining Queries

determination of result type, UNION, CASE, and ARRAY Constructs

unique constraint, Unique Constraints

Unix domain socket, Database Connection Control Functions

UnixWare

IPC configuration, Shared Memory and Semaphores
shared library, Compiling and Linking Dynamically-Loaded Functions

unix_socket_directory configuration parameter, Connection Settings

unix_socket_group configuration parameter, Connection Settings

unix_socket_permissions configuration parameter, Connection Settings

UNLISTEN, UNLISTEN

unqualified name, The Schema Search Path

UPDATE, Updates, Updating Data, UPDATE

updating, Updating Data

upgrading, If You Are Upgrading, Migration Between Releases

user, Database Users

current, System Information Functions

V

vacuum, Routine Vacuuming, VACUUM

vacuumdb, vacuumdb

vacuum_cost_delay configuration parameter, Cost-Based Vacuum Delay

vacuum_cost_limit configuration parameter, Cost-Based Vacuum Delay

vacuum_cost_page_dirty configuration parameter, Cost-Based Vacuum Delay

vacuum_cost_page_hit configuration parameter, Cost-Based Vacuum Delay

vacuum_cost_page_miss configuration parameter, Cost-Based Vacuum Delay

value expression, Value Expressions

varchar, Character Types

variance, Aggregate Functions

version, Accessing a Database, System Information Functions

compatibility, Migration Between Releases

view, Views

implementation through rules, Views and the Rule System
updating, Cooperation with Views

void, Pseudo-Types

VOLATILE, Function Volatility Categories

volatility

functions, Function Volatility Categories

W

WAL, Write-Ahead Logging (WAL)
wal_buffers configuration parameter, Settings
wal_debug configuration parameter, Developer Options
wal_sync_method configuration parameter, Settings
WHERE, The WHERE Clause
where to log, Where to log
work_mem configuration parameter, Memory

X

xid, Object Identifier Types
xmax, System Columns
xmin, System Columns

Y

yacc, Requirements

Z

zero_damaged_pages configuration parameter, Developer Options
zlib, Installation Procedure

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