Here are only a few functions to demonstrate how easy it is to write PL/pgSQL functions. For more complex examples the programmer might look at the regression test for PL/pgSQL.
One painful detail in writing functions in PL/pgSQL is the handling of single quotes. The function's source text in CREATE FUNCTION must be a literal string. Single quotes inside of literal strings must be either doubled or quoted with a backslash. We are still looking for an elegant alternative. In the meantime, doubling the single quotes as in the examples below should be used. Any solution for this in future versions of PostgreSQL will be forward compatible.
For a detailed explanation and examples of how to escape single quotes in different situations, please see Section 23.11.1.1.
Example 23-2. A Simple PL/pgSQL Function to Increment an Integer
The following two PL/pgSQL functions are identical to their counterparts from the C language function discussion. This function receives an integer and increments it by one, returning the incremented value.
CREATE FUNCTION add_one (integer) RETURNS INTEGER AS '
BEGIN
RETURN $1 + 1;
END;
' LANGUAGE 'plpgsql';
Example 23-3. A Simple PL/pgSQL Function to Concatenate Text
This function receives two text parameters and returns the result of concatenating them.
CREATE FUNCTION concat_text (TEXT, TEXT) RETURNS TEXT AS '
BEGIN
RETURN $1 || $2;
END;
' LANGUAGE 'plpgsql';
Example 23-4. A PL/pgSQL Function on Composite Type
In this example, we take EMP (a table) and an integer as arguments to our function, which returns a boolean. If the salary field of the EMP table is NULL, we return f. Otherwise we compare with that field with the integer passed to the function and return the boolean result of the comparison (t or f). This is the PL/pgSQL equivalent to the example from the C functions.
CREATE FUNCTION c_overpaid (EMP, INTEGER) RETURNS BOOLEAN AS '
DECLARE
emprec ALIAS FOR $1;
sallim ALIAS FOR $2;
BEGIN
IF emprec.salary ISNULL THEN
RETURN ''f'';
END IF;
RETURN emprec.salary > sallim;
END;
' LANGUAGE 'plpgsql';