BUG #18305: Unexpected error: "WindowFunc not found in subplan target lists" triggered by subqueries

The following bug has been logged on the website:

Bug reference: 18305
Logged by: Zuming Jiang
Email address: zuming(dot)jiang(at)inf(dot)ethz(dot)ch
PostgreSQL version: 16.1
Operating system: Ubuntu 20.04
Description:

My fuzzer finds a bug in Postgres 17devel, which triggers an unexpected
error "ERROR: WindowFunc not found in subplan target lists".

--- Set up database ---
create table exeet_t3 (pkey int4);
create view exeet_t8 as
select
ntile(exeet_subq_0.c_0) over () as c_0
from
(select (select pkey from exeet_t3 order by pkey limit 1 offset 6) as
c_0) as exeet_subq_0;

The fuzzer generates a test case:

--- Test case ---
select
1 as c_1
from
exeet_t8 as exeet_ref_17
where exeet_ref_17.c_0 < 0;

--- Expected behavior ---
The test case should not trigger any error.

--- Actual behavior ---
The test case trigger an error:

ERROR: WindowFunc not found in subplan target lists

--- Postgres version ---
Github commit: b0f0a9432d0b6f53634a96715f2666f6d4ea25a1
Version: PostgreSQL 17devel on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc
(Ubuntu
9.4.0-1ubuntu1~20.04.2) 9.4.0, 64-bit

--- Platform information ---
Platform: Ubuntu 20.04
Kernel: Linux 5.4.0-147-generic