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PostgreSQL 8.0.26 Documentation
The PostgreSQL Global Development Group
Copyright
© 1996-2005 The PostgreSQL Global Development Group
Table of Contents
Preface
What is
PostgreSQL
?
A Brief History of
PostgreSQL
Conventions
Further Information
Bug Reporting Guidelines
I.
Tutorial
1.
Getting Started
2.
The
SQL
Language
3.
Advanced Features
II.
The SQL Language
4.
SQL Syntax
5.
Data Definition
6.
Data Manipulation
7.
Queries
8.
Data Types
9.
Functions and Operators
10.
Type Conversion
11.
Indexes
12.
Concurrency Control
13.
Performance Tips
III.
Server Administration
14.
Installation Instructions
15.
Client-Only Installation on
Windows
16.
Server Run-time Environment
17.
Database Users and Privileges
18.
Managing Databases
19.
Client Authentication
20.
Localization
21.
Routine Database Maintenance Tasks
22.
Backup and Restore
23.
Monitoring Database Activity
24.
Monitoring Disk Usage
25.
Write-Ahead Logging (
WAL
)
26.
Regression Tests
IV.
Client Interfaces
27.
libpq
- C Library
28.
Large Objects
29.
ECPG
- Embedded
SQL
in C
30.
The Information Schema
V.
Server Programming
31.
Extending
SQL
32.
Triggers
33.
The Rule System
34.
Procedural Languages
35.
PL/pgSQL
-
SQL
Procedural Language
36.
PL/Tcl - Tcl Procedural Language
37.
PL/Perl - Perl Procedural Language
38.
PL/Python - Python Procedural Language
39.
Server Programming Interface
VI.
Reference
I.
SQL Commands
II.
PostgreSQL Client Applications
III.
PostgreSQL Server Applications
VII.
Internals
40.
Overview of PostgreSQL Internals
41.
System Catalogs
42.
Frontend/Backend Protocol
43.
PostgreSQL Coding Conventions
44.
Native Language Support
45.
Writing A Procedural Language Handler
46.
Genetic Query Optimizer
47.
Index Cost Estimation Functions
48.
GiST Indexes
49.
Database Physical Storage
50.
BKI
Backend Interface
VIII.
Appendixes
A.
PostgreSQL
Error Codes
B.
Date/Time Support
C.
SQL
Key Words
D.
SQL Conformance
E.
Release Notes
F.
The Source Code Repository
G.
Documentation
H.
External Projects
Bibliography
Index
List of Tables
4-1.
Operator Precedence (decreasing)
8-1.
Data Types
8-2.
Numeric Types
8-3.
Monetary Types
8-4.
Character Types
8-5.
Special Character Types
8-6.
Binary Data Types
8-7.
bytea
Literal Escaped Octets
8-8.
bytea
Output Escaped Octets
8-9.
Date/Time Types
8-10.
Date Input
8-11.
Time Input
8-12.
Time Zone Input
8-13.
Special Date/Time Inputs
8-14.
Date/Time Output Styles
8-15.
Date Order Conventions
8-16.
Geometric Types
8-17.
Network Address Types
8-18.
cidr
Type Input Examples
8-19.
Object Identifier Types
8-20.
Pseudo-Types
9-1.
Comparison Operators
9-2.
Mathematical Operators
9-3.
Mathematical Functions
9-4.
Trigonometric Functions
9-5.
SQL
String Functions and Operators
9-6.
Other String Functions
9-7.
Built-in Conversions
9-8.
SQL
Binary String Functions and Operators
9-9.
Other Binary String Functions
9-10.
Bit String Operators
9-11.
Regular Expression Match Operators
9-12.
Regular Expression Atoms
9-13.
Regular Expression Quantifiers
9-14.
Regular Expression Constraints
9-15.
Regular Expression Character-Entry Escapes
9-16.
Regular Expression Class-Shorthand Escapes
9-17.
Regular Expression Constraint Escapes
9-18.
Regular Expression Back References
9-19.
ARE Embedded-Option Letters
9-20.
Formatting Functions
9-21.
Template Patterns for Date/Time Formatting
9-22.
Template Pattern Modifiers for Date/Time Formatting
9-23.
Template Patterns for Numeric Formatting
9-24.
to_char
Examples
9-25.
Date/Time Operators
9-26.
Date/Time Functions
9-27.
AT TIME ZONE
Variants
9-28.
Geometric Operators
9-29.
Geometric Functions
9-30.
Geometric Type Conversion Functions
9-31.
cidr
and
inet
Operators
9-32.
cidr
and
inet
Functions
9-33.
macaddr
Functions
9-34.
Sequence Functions
9-35.
array
Operators
9-36.
array
Functions
9-37.
Aggregate Functions
9-38.
Series Generating Functions
9-39.
Session Information Functions
9-40.
Access Privilege Inquiry Functions
9-41.
Schema Visibility Inquiry Functions
9-42.
System Catalog Information Functions
9-43.
Comment Information Functions
9-44.
Configuration Settings Functions
9-45.
Backend Signalling Functions
9-46.
Backup Control Functions
12-1.
SQL
Transaction Isolation Levels
16-1.
Short option key
16-2.
System V
IPC
parameters
20-1.
Server Character Sets
20-2.
Client/Server Character Set Conversions
23-1.
Standard Statistics Views
23-2.
Statistics Access Functions
30-1.
information_schema_catalog_name
Columns
30-2.
applicable_roles
Columns
30-3.
check_constraints
Columns
30-4.
column_domain_usage
Columns
30-5.
column_privileges
Columns
30-6.
column_udt_usage
Columns
30-7.
columns
Columns
30-8.
constraint_column_usage
Columns
30-9.
constraint_table_usage
Columns
30-10.
data_type_privileges
Columns
30-11.
domain_constraints
Columns
30-12.
domain_udt_usage
Columns
30-13.
domains
Columns
30-14.
element_types
Columns
30-15.
enabled_roles
Columns
30-16.
key_column_usage
Columns
30-17.
parameters
Columns
30-18.
referential_constraints
Columns
30-19.
role_column_grants
Columns
30-20.
role_routine_grants
Columns
30-21.
role_table_grants
Columns
30-22.
role_usage_grants
Columns
30-23.
routine_privileges
Columns
30-24.
routines
Columns
30-25.
schemata
Columns
30-26.
sql_features
Columns
30-27.
sql_implementation_info
Columns
30-28.
sql_languages
Columns
30-29.
sql_packages
Columns
30-30.
sql_sizing
Columns
30-31.
sql_sizing_profiles
Columns
30-32.
table_constraints
Columns
30-33.
table_privileges
Columns
30-34.
tables
Columns
30-35.
triggers
Columns
30-36.
usage_privileges
Columns
30-37.
view_column_usage
Columns
30-38.
view_table_usage
Columns
30-39.
views
Columns
31-1.
Equivalent C Types for Built-In SQL Types
31-2.
B-tree Strategies
31-3.
Hash Strategies
31-4.
R-tree Strategies
31-5.
B-tree Support Functions
31-6.
Hash Support Functions
31-7.
R-tree Support Functions
31-8.
GiST Support Functions
41-1.
System Catalogs
41-2.
pg_aggregate
Columns
41-3.
pg_am
Columns
41-4.
pg_amop
Columns
41-5.
pg_amproc
Columns
41-6.
pg_attrdef
Columns
41-7.
pg_attribute
Columns
41-8.
pg_cast
Columns
41-9.
pg_class
Columns
41-10.
pg_constraint
Columns
41-11.
pg_conversion
Columns
41-12.
pg_database
Columns
41-13.
pg_depend
Columns
41-14.
pg_description
Columns
41-15.
pg_group
Columns
41-16.
pg_index
Columns
41-17.
pg_inherits
Columns
41-18.
pg_language
Columns
41-19.
pg_largeobject
Columns
41-20.
pg_listener
Columns
41-21.
pg_namespace
Columns
41-22.
pg_opclass
Columns
41-23.
pg_operator
Columns
41-24.
pg_proc
Columns
41-25.
pg_rewrite
Columns
41-26.
pg_shadow
Columns
41-27.
pg_statistic
Columns
41-28.
pg_tablespace
Columns
41-29.
pg_trigger
Columns
41-30.
pg_type
Columns
41-31.
System Views
41-32.
pg_indexes
Columns
41-33.
pg_locks
Columns
41-34.
pg_rules
Columns
41-35.
pg_settings
Columns
41-36.
pg_stats
Columns
41-37.
pg_tables
Columns
41-38.
pg_user
Columns
41-39.
pg_views
Columns
49-1.
Contents of
PGDATA
49-2.
Overall Page Layout
49-3.
PageHeaderData Layout
49-4.
HeapTupleHeaderData Layout
A-1.
PostgreSQL
Error Codes
B-1.
Month Names
B-2.
Day of the Week Names
B-3.
Date/Time Field Modifiers
B-4.
Time Zone Abbreviations for Input
B-5.
Australian Time Zone Abbreviations for Input
B-6.
Time Zone Names for Setting
timezone
C-1.
SQL
Key Words
List of Figures
46-1.
Structured Diagram of a Genetic Algorithm
List of Examples
8-1.
Using the character types
8-2.
Using the
boolean
type
8-3.
Using the bit string types
10-1.
Exponentiation Operator Type Resolution
10-2.
String Concatenation Operator Type Resolution
10-3.
Absolute-Value and Negation Operator Type Resolution
10-4.
Rounding Function Argument Type Resolution
10-5.
Substring Function Type Resolution
10-6.
character
Storage Type Conversion
10-7.
Type Resolution with Underspecified Types in a Union
10-8.
Type Resolution in a Simple Union
10-9.
Type Resolution in a Transposed Union
11-1.
Setting up a Partial Index to Exclude Common Values
11-2.
Setting up a Partial Index to Exclude Uninteresting Values
11-3.
Setting up a Partial Unique Index
19-1.
Example
pg_hba.conf
entries
19-2.
An example
pg_ident.conf
file
27-1.
libpq
Example Program 1
27-2.
libpq
Example Program 2
27-3.
libpq
Example Program 3
28-1.
Large Objects with
libpq
Example Program
34-1.
Manual Installation of
PL/pgSQL
35-1.
Exceptions with
UPDATE
/
INSERT
35-2.
A
PL/pgSQL
Trigger Procedure
35-3.
A
PL/pgSQL
Trigger Procedure For Auditing
35-4.
A
PL/pgSQL
Trigger Procedure For Maintaining A Summary Table
35-5.
Porting a Simple Function from
PL/SQL
to
PL/pgSQL
35-6.
Porting a Function that Creates Another Function from
PL/SQL
to
PL/pgSQL
35-7.
Porting a Procedure With String Manipulation and
OUT
Parameters from
PL/SQL
to
PL/pgSQL
35-8.
Porting a Procedure from
PL/SQL
to
PL/pgSQL
Next
Preface