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November 14, 2024:
PostgreSQL 17.1, 16.5, 15.9, 14.14, 13.17, and 12.21 Released!
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7.1
This documentation is for an unsupported version of PostgreSQL.
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PostgreSQL 7.3.21 Reference Manual
The PostgreSQL Global Development Group
Copyright
© 1996-2002 The PostgreSQL Global Development Group
Table of Contents
Preface
I.
SQL Commands
ABORT
-- abort the current transaction
ALTER DATABASE
-- change a database
ALTER GROUP
-- add users to a group or remove users from a group
ALTER TABLE
-- change the definition of a table
ALTER TRIGGER
-- change the definition of a trigger
ALTER USER
-- change a database user account
ANALYZE
-- collect statistics about a database
BEGIN
-- start a transaction block
CHECKPOINT
-- force a transaction log checkpoint
CLOSE
-- close a cursor
CLUSTER
-- cluster a table according to an index
COMMENT
-- define or change the comment of an object
COMMIT
-- commit the current transaction
COPY
-- copy data between files and tables
CREATE AGGREGATE
-- define a new aggregate function
CREATE CAST
-- define a user-defined cast
CREATE CONSTRAINT TRIGGER
-- define a new constraint trigger
CREATE CONVERSION
-- define a user-defined encoding conversion
CREATE DATABASE
-- create a new database
CREATE DOMAIN
-- define a new domain
CREATE FUNCTION
-- define a new function
CREATE GROUP
-- define a new user group
CREATE INDEX
-- define a new index
CREATE LANGUAGE
-- define a new procedural language
CREATE OPERATOR
-- define a new operator
CREATE OPERATOR CLASS
-- define a new operator class for indexes
CREATE RULE
-- define a new rewrite rule
CREATE SCHEMA
-- define a new schema
CREATE SEQUENCE
-- define a new sequence generator
CREATE TABLE
-- define a new table
CREATE TABLE AS
-- create a new table from the results of a query
CREATE TRIGGER
-- define a new trigger
CREATE TYPE
-- define a new data type
CREATE USER
-- define a new database user account
CREATE VIEW
-- define a new view
DEALLOCATE
-- remove a prepared query
DECLARE
-- define a cursor
DELETE
-- delete rows of a table
DROP AGGREGATE
-- remove a user-defined aggregate function
DROP CAST
-- remove a user-defined cast
DROP CONVERSION
-- remove a user-defined conversion
DROP DATABASE
-- remove a database
DROP DOMAIN
-- remove a user-defined domain
DROP FUNCTION
-- remove a user-defined function
DROP GROUP
-- remove a user group
DROP INDEX
-- remove an index
DROP LANGUAGE
-- remove a user-defined procedural language
DROP OPERATOR
-- remove a user-defined operator
DROP OPERATOR CLASS
-- remove a user-defined operator class
DROP RULE
-- remove a rewrite rule
DROP SCHEMA
-- remove a schema
DROP SEQUENCE
-- remove a sequence
DROP TABLE
-- remove a table
DROP TRIGGER
-- remove a trigger
DROP TYPE
-- remove a user-defined data type
DROP USER
-- remove a database user account
DROP VIEW
-- remove a view
END
-- commit the current transaction
EXECUTE
-- execute a prepared query
EXPLAIN
-- show the execution plan of a statement
FETCH
-- retrieve rows from a table using a cursor
GRANT
-- define access privileges
INSERT
-- create new rows in a table
LISTEN
-- listen for a notification
LOAD
-- load or reload a shared library file
LOCK
-- explicitly lock a table
MOVE
-- position a cursor on a specified row of a table
NOTIFY
-- generate a notification
PREPARE
-- create a prepared query
REINDEX
-- rebuild corrupted indexes
RESET
-- restore the value of a run-time parameter to a default value
REVOKE
-- remove access privileges
ROLLBACK
-- abort the current transaction
SELECT
-- retrieve rows from a table or view
SELECT INTO
-- create a new table from the results of a query
SET
-- change a run-time parameter
SET CONSTRAINTS
-- set the constraint mode of the current transaction
SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION
-- set the session user identifier and the current user identifier of the current session
SET TRANSACTION
-- set the characteristics of the current transaction
SHOW
-- show the value of a run-time parameter
START TRANSACTION
-- start a transaction block
TRUNCATE
-- empty a table
UNLISTEN
-- stop listening for a notification
UPDATE
-- update rows of a table
VACUUM
-- garbage-collect and optionally analyze a database
II.
PostgreSQL Client Applications
clusterdb
-- cluster a
PostgreSQL
database
createdb
-- create a new
PostgreSQL
database
createlang
-- define a new
PostgreSQL
procedural language
createuser
-- define a new
PostgreSQL
user account
dropdb
-- remove a
PostgreSQL
database
droplang
-- remove a
PostgreSQL
procedural language
dropuser
-- remove a
PostgreSQL
user account
ecpg
-- embedded SQL C preprocessor
pg_config
-- retrieve information about the installed version of
PostgreSQL
pg_dump
-- extract a
PostgreSQL
database into a script file or other archive file
pg_dumpall
-- extract a
PostgreSQL
database cluster into a script file
pg_restore
-- restore a
PostgreSQL
database from an archive file created by pg_dump
psql
--
PostgreSQL
interactive terminal
pgtclsh
--
PostgreSQL
Tcl
shell client
pgtksh
--
PostgreSQL
Tcl/Tk
shell client
vacuumdb
-- garbage-collect and analyze a
PostgreSQL
database
III.
PostgreSQL Server Applications
initdb
-- create a new
PostgreSQL
database cluster
initlocation
-- create a secondary
PostgreSQL
database storage area
ipcclean
-- remove shared memory and semaphores from an aborted
PostgreSQL
server
pg_ctl
-- start, stop, or restart a
PostgreSQL
server
pg_controldata
-- display server-wide control information
pg_resetxlog
-- reset write-ahead log and pg_control contents
postgres
-- run a
PostgreSQL
server in single-user mode
postmaster
--
PostgreSQL
multiuser database server
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Restricted Environment
Preface